Gobernanza climática y prácticas de política multinivel en Tailandia y Malasia
| Autor | Chaiyapa, Warathida/Abdullah, Kamarulnizam/Gonzalez, Phillip/Afifah Yogar, Hanna Nur |
| Cargo | Assistant Professor and Assistant Director at Chiang Mai University School of Public Policy, focusing on energy and climate change/Professor and Principal Fellow at IKMAS, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, specializing in governance, security, and border studies/Senior Director of Programs in the Indo Pacific, specializes in comparative policy... |
| Páginas | 74-94 |
Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas, número 34, marzo de 2024
Monográco: Gobernanza multinivel de los bienes comunes y sostenibilidad ambiental
Sección: ARTÍCULOS
Recibido: 03-10-2023
Modicado: 27-01-2024
Aceptado: 29-01-2024
Prepublicado: 21-02-2024
Publicado: 01-03-2024
ISSN: 1989-8991 – DOI: https://doi.org/10.24965/gapp.11271
Páginas: 74-94
Referencia: Chaiyapa, W., Abdullah, K., Gonzalez, P., & Afifah Yogar, H. N. (2024). Gobernanza Climática y Prácticas de Política
Multinivel en Tailandia y Malasia. Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas, 34, 74-94. https://doi.org/10.24965/gapp.11271
ARTÍCULOS 74
Climate Governance and multilevel policy practices in Thailand
and Malaysia
Gobernanza climática y prácticas de política multinivel en Tailandia
y Malasia
Chaiyapa, Warathida
Chiang Mai University School of Public Policy (Tailandia – Thailand)
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3359-551X
warathida.c@cmu.ac.th
NOTA BIOGRÁFICA
Dr. Warathida Chaiyapa is Assistant Professor and Assistant Director at Chiang Mai University School of
Public Policy, focusing on energy and climate change. She holds a PhD in Sustainability Science from
the University of Tokyo and has contributed to Thailand’s energy policies, researched blue hydrogen, and
examined Thailand-Myanmar energy dependence.
Abdullah, Kamarulnizam
Institute of Malaysia and International Studies (IKMAS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Malasia – Malaysia)
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-1138
kamarulnizam@ukm.edu.my
NOTA BIOGRÁFICA
Kamarulnizam Abdullah is Professor and Principal Fellow at IKMAS, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
specializing in governance, security, and border studies. He has consulted for government agencies in
Malaysia, Japan, and Timor Leste, and the United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime, contributing his
expertise in national and regional security frameworks.
Gonzalez, Phillip
Forum of Federations (Australia – Australia)
gonzalez@forumfed.org
NOTA BIOGRÁFICA
Phillip, Senior Director of Programs in the Indo Pacific, specializes in comparative policy within federal sys-
tems. With 15 years as a governance specialist, he has supported democratic transitions and reforms in Nepal,
Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Ukraine. His policy expertise extends to Australia, Brazil, Canada,
India, and Thailand, contributing significantly to state-building and governance improvements globally.
Afah Yogar, Hanna Nur
Chiang Mai University School of Public Policy (Indonesia – Indonesia)
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-2132
hanna_yogar@cmu.ac.th
NOTA BIOGRÁFICA
Hanna Nur Afifah Yogar is a Master’s student at Chiang Mai University’s School of Public Policy, with a
background in law, development studies, and public policy. Her research focuses on political ecology,
environmental policy, and development issues in Southeast Asia.
Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas, 2024, (34), 74-94 – DOI: https://doi.org/10.24965/gapp.11271
ARTÍCULOS 75
Chaiyapa, Warathida / Abdullah, Kamarulnizam / Gonzalez, Phillip / Afah Yogar, Hanna Nur
Climate Governance and multilevel policy practices in Thailand and Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This paper investigates Thailand and Malaysia climate governance policy in practice within
their multi-level governance structures. Thailand presents a unique case of a unitary state with a degree
of deconcentration and decentralization, while Malaysia showcases a federal state with a high degree of
centralization. Methodology: The paper collected and analyzed both primary and secondary data. In-
depth interviews with government officials, NGOs, and international organizations were conducted online
and onsite in Thailand and Malaysia from May 2022 to September 2023. Interview data was triangulated
with secondary data from key national policy documents on climate change and related issues. This paper
examines the contributions and hindrances of multi-level governance on climate governance and highlights
some lessons learned from both countries. Results: It concludes that multi-level government systems provide
opportunities for various stakeholders to engage in decision-making and create policy innovation. However,
the administration of decision-making in these systems can be constrained by tensions within these systems,
between tendencies towards the centralization of decision-making, and little engagement between subnational
governments and local-level stakeholders. Conclusions: Overall, we assert that clear direction and guidance
at the national level complemented by mechanisms that engage local stakeholders in administration and civil
society is essential to achieve overarching climate action goals regardless of the administrative system.
KEYWORDS
Multilevel governance; subnational government; local government; climate change policy; inclusive
decision-making.
RESUMEN
Objetivos: este artículo investiga la política de gobernanza climática en la práctica en Tailandia y Malasia
dentro de sus estructuras de gobernanza multinivel. Tailandia presenta un caso único de un Estado unitario con
un grado de desconcentración y descentralización, mientras que Malasia exhibe un Estado federal con un alto
grado de centralización. Metodología: el artículo recopiló y analizó datos tanto primarios como secundari os.
Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas en profundidad con funcionarios gubernamentales, organizaciones no
gubernamentales y organizaciones internacionales en línea e in situ en Tailandia y Malasia desde mayo
de 2022 hasta septiembre de 2023. Los datos de las entrevistas se triangulan con datos secundarios
de documentos clave de políticas nacionales sobre cambio climático y temas relacionados. Este artículo
examina las contribuciones y obstáculos de la gobernanza multinivel en la gobernanza climática y destaca
algunas lecciones aprendidas de ambos países. Resultados: los sistemas de gobierno multinivel ofrecen
oportunidades para que diversos actores participen en la toma de decisiones y creen innovación en
políticas. Sin embargo, la administración de la toma de decisiones en estos sistemas puede estar limitada
por tensiones internas, entre tendencias hacia la centralización de la toma de decisiones y la escasa
participación de los Gobiernos subnacionales y los actores a nivel local. Conclusiones: en general,
sostenemos que una dirección clara y orientación a nivel nacional, complementada con mecanismos que
involucren a los actores locales en la Administración y la sociedad civil, son esenciales para lograr objetivos
generales de acción climática independientemente del sistema administrativo.
PALABRAS CLAVE
Gobernanza multinivel; gobierno subnacional; gobierno local; política de cambio climático; toma de
decisiones inclusiva.
SUMARIO
1. INTRODUCTION. 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. 2.1. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK. 2.2. DATA COL-
LECTION METHOD. 3. CLIMATE CHANGE SITUATION AND KEY CLIMATE POLICIES IN THAILAND
AND MALAYSIA. 3.1. THAILAND. 3.2. MALAYSIA. 4. CLIMATE CHANGE AND MULTILEVEL GOVERN-
ANCE IN THAILAND AND MALAYSIA. 4.1. THAILAND: COMPLICATED BETWEEN DECONCENTRA-
TION AND DECENTRALIZATION. 4.2. MALAYSIA: CENTRALIZED FEDERALISM. 5. MULTILEVEL
GOVERNANCE’S IMPACT ON CLIMATE GOVERNANCE IN THAILAND AND MALAYSIA. 6. RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION. 6.1. THAILAND. 6.1.1. Multilevel governance ability to tailor climate actions in con-
text. 6.1.2. Multilevel governance provides conditions for the sub-national governments to compensate
for the central government in climate actions. 6.1.3. Multilevel governance can encourage policy inno-
vation and knowledge sharing. 6.1.4. Sub-national government limited capacity to influence national cli-
mate efforts. 6.1.5. Multilevel governance creates divergent climate actions which leads to inefficiency and
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