Does general theory of law exist without moral values?
| Autor | Iveta Vitkute Zvezdiniene - Genovaite Rociene |
| Cargo | Kauno Kolegija University of Applied Sciences, Lithuania - Kauno Kolegija University of Applied Sciences, Lithuania |
| Páginas | 450-454 |
DOES GENERAL THEORY OF LAW EXIST WITHOUT MORAL VALUES?
Iveta Vitkute Zvezdiniene, Lecture
Genovaite Rociene, Lecture
Kauno Kolegija University of Applied Sciences, Lithuania
The article deals with current general theory of law in respect of need of moral
values. The emphasis is based on 8 arguments revealing why West culture’s general theory of law
theory is rooted in moral values. There are analysed that moral values are obligatory in order to
create general theory of law, because the individuals act morally in their daily life. Therefore, it
distinguishes a correct judgment or law from an incorrect one. It is worth underlying that rational
(moral) justice is vital to create common society good. This shows that law and moral are relative.
The paper examines that moral justice is necessary for development of a person. To reach the goal
of this article there were analysed that ius cogens is also based on moral values.
Keywords: general theory of law, moral values.
Introduction. To the main question of law theory – what is law? – it is difficult to
answer because of insufficient theories (there are a lot of drawbacks of theories, i.e. it is not
possible to create one theory which would be able to answer to all questions). Nevertheless, since
Antique various authors have modeled different legal systems based on legal theories. For example,
natural law theory (Socrates, Aristotle, T. Aquinas, J. Finnis, R. Dworkin)
1
, legal positivist theory
(Kelsen)
2
, theory of justice (corrective justice
3
, distributive justice
4
, justice as impartiality (called
"justice as fairness," J. Rawls
5
), justice as a law („justice entitlement“, Nozick
6
), utilitarianism,
Nussbaum, Nagel's theory of justice
7
, modern analytical jurisprudence (A. L. A Hart)
8
, sociological
jurisprudence (R. Pound)
9
, historical jurisprudence (Savigny)
10
, realism, marxism, feminism
concepts (A. Ross)
11
). Differences of these concepts are nature of values and performance direction.
In different historical periods, they changed each other or have existed (or exist) at the same time.
Not all theories equally recognize moral values (for example, according to prevailing positivism in
1
Freeman, Michael D. A. Lloyd‘s Introdution to Jurisprudence (London: Sweet & Maxwell Ltd. & Thomson Reuters,
2007)
2
Hans Kelsen, Grynoji teisės teorija (Vilnius: ALK, Eugrimas, 200 2)
3
Ernest J. Weinrib.Corrective Justice in a Nutshell. The University of To ronto Law Journal Vol. 52, No. 4 (Autumn,
2002), pp. 349-356
4
Ibid
5
Rawls, J. (1958) Justice as Fairness, The Philosophical Review, Vol. 67, No. 2. (Apr., 1958), pp. 164-194
6
Kenneth J. Arrow. Nozick's entitlement theory of justice. (Philosophia J une 1978, Volume 7, Issue 2, pp 265-279)
7
George P. Fletcher, Basic Concepts of Legal Thought (New Yor k, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996)
8
H.L.A. Hart, Teisės samprata (Vilnius: Pradai, 1997)
9
James A. Gardner, The Sociological Jurisprudence of Roscoe Po und (Part II), 7 Vill. L. Rev. 165 (1962)
10
Shirley Robin Letwin. On the History of the Idea of Law. Cambridge Univers ity Press (2005)
11
Freeman, Michael D. A. op.cit.
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