Introducción

AutorPrudencio C. Moreno Trapiella
Páginas17-46
INTRODUCCIÓN
(ODUWGHO&RQYHQLR(XURSHRGH'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV&('+GHGHQR-
YLHPEUHGH H[LJH TXHOD LPSRVLFLyQGH SHQDVTXHGH DWULEXLGDD ORV7ULEX-
QDOHV (Q FRQFUHWR HVWDEOHFH TXH ©7RGDSHUVRQD WLHQH GHUHFKR D TXH VX FDXVD
VHDRtGD HTXLWDWLYDS~EOLFDPHQWH \GHQWUR GH XQSOD]R UD]RQDEOHSRU XQ7ULEX-
QDOLQGHSHQGLHQWHH LPSDUFLDOHVWDEOHFLGRSRU ODOH\TXHGHFLGLUi ORVOLWLJLRVVR-
EUHVXVGHUHFKRV\ REOLJDFLRQHVGHFDUiFWHU FLYLORVREUHHO IXQGDPHQWRGHFXDO-
TXLHUDFXVDFLyQHQPDWHULDSHQDOGLULJLGDFRQWUDHOODª
3RUWDQWR OR TXH FRQVDJUDHVWH SUHFHSWR HVHO derecho a ser juzgado por un
Tribunal independiente e imparcial en un proceso equitativo. (O7ULEXQDO (X
URSHRGH 'HUHFKRV7('+ LQWpUSUHWH DXWpQWLFRGHO &RQYHQLRKD UHDOL]DGR XQD
H[pJHVLVHQULTXHFHGRUD GHODUW GHO &RQYHQLR TXHKD SURSLFLDGRTXH HQOD YHU-
WLHQWHSHQDOGHOPLVPRVHKD\DQHTXLSDUDGRSHQDV\ VDQFLRQHVGHHVWHPRGRKD
SUHVFULWRXQDVPLVPDVJDUDQWtDVSDUDODVVDQFLRQHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDV\ODVSHQDV
(O7ULEXQDO(XURSHRQR VXVFULEHXQD WHRUtDDEVROXWD GHOD VHSDUDFLyQGHSR-
GHUHVHQFRQVHFXHQFLDQRREOLJDTXHODLPSRVLFLyQ GH©SHQDVªTXHGHUHVHUYDGD
HQH[FOXVLYD DORV MXHFHVSHQDOHV /RV(VWDGRV SXHGHQ WUDQVIHULUGHVGH HO'HUH-
FKRSHQDO DODGPLQLVWUDWLYR VDQFLRQDGRUOD UHSUHVLyQGH GHWHUPLQDGDVLQIUDFFLR-
QHV PHQRUHV SHUR VLQ TXH OD FDOLÀFDFLyQ GH XQD PHGLGD FRPR DGPLQLVWUDWLYD
HQOXJDU GHSHQDO LPSOLTXHOD GHURJDFLyQ GHODV FOiXVXODVIXQGDPHQWDOHV GHORV
DUWV\GHO&RQYHQLR
&RQÀDUOD UHSUHVLyQGH GHWHUPLQDGRVLOtFLWRV D OD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQQR FRQWUD-
GLFHHO &('+ VLHPSUH\ FXDQGR HOLQWHUHVDGR SXHGD UHFXUULUWRGD GHFLVLyQ DVt
WRPDGDHQVXFRQWUD DQWHXQ7ULEXQDOTXHRIUH]FD ODVJDUDQWtDVGHO DUW\D WUD-
YpVGHXQUHFXUVRGH©SOHQDMXULVGLFFLyQª
/DVJDUDQWtDV GHODUW  KDQGH REVHUYDUVH LJXDOPHQWHFXDQGR ODLPSRVLFLyQ
GHOD ©SHQDªKD\D FRUUHVSRQGLGRD OD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQ ORTXH VXFHGHHV TXHHQ
HVWHFDVROD JDUDQWtDGH XQ©SURFHVRHTXLWDWLYRª VyORHV SRVLEOHD WUDYpVGHOUH-
FXUVRMXULVGLFFLRQDO SRVWHULRU UHFXUVRTXH HQ HVH FDVRKDEUi GH VHU GH©SOHQD
MXULVGLFFLyQª
/DHYROXFLyQGHODMXULVSUXGHQFLDHXURSHDVLW~DDODQRFLyQ©UHFXUVRGHSOHQD
MXULVGLFFLyQªFRPRODFODYHGH EyYHGDGHOVLVWHPDGHFRQWUROMXGLFLDO GHODVVDQ-
FLRQHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDV(QWUHORVSRGHUHV FRQTXHFXHQWDHOMXH] HQHOUHFXUVRGH
©SOHQDMXULVGLFFLyQªVH HQFXHQWUDODSRVLELOLGD GGHsustituirOD VDQFLyQLPSXHVWD
SRUOD $GPLQLVWUDFLyQ 6LHPSUH TXHVH WUDWH GH XQ UHFXUVR FRQWUD XQD GHFLVLyQ
DGPLQLVWUDWLYDGHFDUiFWHUVDQFLRQDGRUDGHPiVGHSRGHU FRQWURODUODDGHFXDFLyQ
 PRUDENCIO C. MORENO TRAPIELLA
GHODVDQFLyQ DODLQIUDFFLyQ FRPHWLGDHOMXH]HQ FDVRQHFHVDULRGHEH SRGHUÀ-
MDUpOPLVPRODVDQFLyQFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
6LQ HPEDUJR GHVGH QXHVWUD SHUVSHFWLYD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO ³GDGD OD GLVWULEX-
FLyQGHIXQFLRQHVHQWUHHO3RGHU-XGLFLDO\OD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQ³ORVMXHFHV WLHQHQ
YHGDGRHOSURFHGHU DOD VXVWLWXFLyQGHODV GHFLVLRQHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDV GHFDUiFWHU
GLVFUHFLRQDO6LFRQVLGHUDPRVDODSRWHVWDG VDQFLRQDGRUDFRPRXQDSRWHVWDGGLV-
FUHFLRQDO³FRPR IUHFXHQWHPHQWHVH KDFH³OD SUHJXQWD TXHFDEH UHDOL]DUVHHV
VLH[LVWH UHDOPHQWH HQ QXHVWUR RUGHQDPLHQWRXQ FRQWURO MXGLFLDO SOHQDULRGH ODV
VDQFLRQHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDVHQ HOVHQWLGRTXH UHFLEHHVWDH[SUHVLyQ HQHOVHQR GHO
&RQYHQLR(XURSHR
3UHVXSXHVWR PHWRGROyJLFR GH HVWH WUDEDMR HV OD DWULEXFLyQ GH YDORU norma-
tivoDOD MXULVSUXGHQFLDGHO 7('+3RU WRGR HOOR\ FRQFDUiFWHU SUHYLRD DQDOL-
]DUHOFRQFHSWRGHSOHQDMXULVGLFFLyQ HXURSHRWUDWDUHPRVGHSUHFLVDUHO YDORUMX-
UtGLFRGHO&RQYHQLR (XURSHRGH'HUHFKRV +XPDQRVHQQXHVWUR RUGHQDPLHQWR\
PiVSUHFLVDPHQWHOD QDWXUDOH]DMXUtGLFDGH MXULVSUXGHQFLDHPDQDGDSRU HOLQWpU-
SUHWHDXWpQWLFRGHOPLVPRHO7('+
8QDYH] FRQVWDWDGR HO YDORU MXUtGLFR\ HO DOFDQFH normativoGHOD MXULVSUX-
GHQFLDGHO7('+ HVWDUHPRVHQ GLVSRVLFLyQGHDGHQWUDUQRV HQOR TXHHVSURSLD-
PHQWHHO REMHWRGH HVWHHVWXGLR \ TXHQR HVRWUR TXHHO WLSRGH FRQWURO MXGLFLDO
TXHGHODSRWHVWDG VDQFLRQDGRUDGHOD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQ GHPDQGDHO&RQYHQLR(X-
URSHRGH'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV
/DE~VTXHGDGHUHVSXHVWDDOLQWHUURJDQWHTXHSODQWHDHOFRQFHSWRHXURSHRGH
©SOHQDMXULVGLFFLyQªDVtFRPRHODQiOLVLVFUtWLFRGHODVUHVSXHVWDVDSRUWDGDVSRU
ODMXULVSUXGHQFLD\ODGRFWULQDFLHQWtÀFDDOUHWRTXHVXSRQHHVWDQRFLyQDOXPEUDGD
SRUODMXULVSUXGHQFLDHXURSHDFRQVWLWX\HODÀQDOLGDG~OWLPDGHHVWHHVWXGLR
I. PRESUPUESTOS CONSTITUCIONALES: LA POSICIÓN
DEL CONVENIO EUROPEO EN EL SISTEMA DE FUENTES
ESPAÑOL, EL ART. 10.2 DE LA CE
(O&RQYHQLR(XURSHRGH 'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV&('+DGRSWDGR HQ5RPDHO
GHQRYLHPEUHGH\UDWLÀFDGRSRU (VSDxDHOGHVHSWLHPEUHGH KD
SDVDGRDIRUPDU SDUWHGHQXHVWUR RUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFRLQWHUQR FRPRQRUPDGL-
UHFWDPHQWHDSOLFDEOHTXHVHLPSRQHDWRGRVORVSRGHUHVS~EOLFRV 1.
1(OVLVWHPD GHSURWHFFLyQ GHO&RQYHQLR KDVLGR UHHVWUXFWXUDGRD WUDYpVGHO 3URWRFROR Q~PGH
GHPD\R GH KDELHQGRHQWUDGRHQ YLJRUHO GHQRYLHPEUH GH (VWH3URWRFROR IXHÀUPDGR
SRU(VSDxDHQODIHFKDGH VXDGRSFLyQUDWLÀFiQGRORHO GHQRYLHPEUHGHBOEGH GHMXQLRGH
(ODFWXDOFRPSOHMR QRUPDWLYRHQYLJRUHVWi IRUPDGRSRUHO &RQYHQLRHQODUHGDFFLyQ GDGDSRUHO
3URWRFRORQ~P\ ORV3URWRFRORV DGLFLRQDOHVQ~PV \ QRREVWDQWH ORV3URWRFRORVQ~PV \
D~QQRKDQVLGRUDWLÀFDGRVSRU(VSDxD /DPHUDFRQGLFLyQGHSDUWH GHO&RQYHQLRLPSOLFDDKRUD\VLQQH-
FHVLGDGGHGHFODUDFLyQDGLFLRQDODOJXQDFRPRVXFHGtDHQHODQWLJXRVLVWHPDHOVRPHWLPLHQWRDODMXULVGLF-
FLyQGHO7ULEXQDODVtFRPRODSRVLELOLGDGGHTXHGLFKD MXULVGLFFLyQVHDLQVWDGDSRUORVLQGLYLGXRV7UDVOD
UHIRUPDORVGRVyUJDQRV DQWHULRUHVOD&RPLVLyQ\ HO7ULEXQDOVRQVXVWLWXLGRVSRU XQQXHYR\ ~QLFR7UL-
EXQDOGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRSHUPDQHQWH(O7ULEXQDOHQIXQFLRQHVMXULVGLFFLRQDOHVDFWXDUiHQ 6DOD\HQ*UDQ
6DODTXHVHJ~Q HODUW &('+HVWDUiLQWHJUDGD SRUGLHFLVLHWHPLHPEURV (VWDIRUPDFLyQDFWXDUi ELHQ
HQIXQFLRQHV GH revisión o reexamenGHODVVHQWHQFLDV GH ODV6DODV FRPRVHJXQGD LQVWDQFLD RELHQ HQ
FDVRGHLQKLELFLyQ GHXQD6DOD (OVLVWHPDÀQDOPHQWH DGRSWDGRHVXQD VROXFLyQGHcompromiso HQWUHODV
GRVJUDQGHV DOWHUQDWLYDVTXH VHKDEtDQ IRUPXODGRD ORODUJRGH ORVWUDEDMRV SUHSDUDWRULRVGH ODUHIRUPD
SRUXQODGRVHVXVWLWX\HQORVGRV yUJDQRVDQWHULRUHVSRUXQ~QLFR7ULEXQDO\HOGREOHH[DPHQKDVWDDKRUD
H[LVWHQWHQRTXHGDH[FOXLGRDWUDYpV GHOprincipio del reexamen6LQGXGDHO UHFXUVRDO7('+FRPRPH-

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