Integration and participation of disabled persons in the labour market - the legal instruments in german law

AutorJudith Brockmann/Minou Banafsche
CargoAssistant Professor of Labour Law Research Staff. University of Hamburg/Junior Professor for Social Law University of Kassel
Páginas76-108
Revista Derecho Social y Empresa Suplemento nº 1, Abril 2015
ISSN: 2341-135X págs.76-108
INTEGRATION AND PARTICIPATION OF
DISABLED PERSONS IN THE LABOUR MARKET – THE
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS IN GERMAN LAW
JUDITH BROCKMANN
Assistant Professor of Labour Law
Research Staff. University of Hamburg"
MINOU BANAFSCHE
Junior Professor for Social Law
University of Kassel
Fecha de recepción: 21–09–2014
Fecha de aceptación: 02–10–2014
SUMMA RY
: 1. PREFACE. 2. THE DEFINITION OF DISABILITY IN
GERMAN LAW. 2.1. The general definition of disability. 2.1.1. Functional disorder.
2.1.2. Difference from age-appropriate condition. 2.1.3. Lack of participation in society.
2.1.4. Further development of § 2 (1) 1 SGB IX influenced by the CRPD and the
European legal situation. 2.2. The term “severe disability” and its equivalence. 3.
LABOUR MARKET STATISTICS CONCERNING PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES. 3.1. Development of the rate of employment of persons with severe
disabilities from 2003 to 2010. 3.2. Consideration. 4. SECTION I: JOB
PLACEMENT POLICIES – LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND CASE LAW. 4.1. The
influence of international law. 4.2. The influence of European law. 4.3. German
constitutional law in the Grundgesetz (GG). 4.4. Federal law. 4.4.1. SGB IX –
Rehabilitation and participation of persons with disabilities. 4.4.2. SGB III –
Occupational integration. 4.4.3. SGB II – Basic support for job seekers. 4.4.4. BAföG –
The Federal Education and Training Assistance Act. 4.4.5. Protection against unlawful
dismissal. 4.5. Collective agreements. 5. SECTION II: CASE LAW. 6. SECTION III:
EMPLOYMENT POLICIES AND JOB PLACEMENT FOR PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES. 6.1. Instruments of job placement. 6.1.1. Labour law. 6.1.2. Social
law. 6.2. Labour market situation and economic crisis; effects of labour market
politics. 6.3. Multidimensional or intersectional discrimination. 7. SECTION IV.
Judith Brockmann and Minou Banafsche
Revista Derecho Social y Empresa Suplemento nº 1, Abril 2015
ISSN: 2341-135X pág. 77
UNIVERSITY: CAREER COUNSELLING AND JOB PLACEMENT FOR
STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES. 7.1. The legal situation concerning Higher
Education in Germany. 7.2. Access to higher education. 7.3. Assistance during studies.
7.3.1. Information and practical support. 7.3.2. Financial support, especially provided by
the BaföG. 7.4. Job Placement. 8. CONCLUSIONS.
RESUM EN
: Esta contribución presenta una visión general sobre los
instrumentos jurídicos alemanes –tanto en el derecho laboral como en el derecho
social– designados para asegurar la integración y participación de las personas con
discapacidad en el mercado laboral. Las autoras tratan la influencia e implementación
de normas legales internacionales, como las Directivas Europeas o la Convención sobre
los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (CRPD, por sus siglas en inglés).
Además, se describe la situación real del mercado laboral en relación al empleo de
personas con discapacidad. Finalmente, las autoras dan algunos ejemplos concretos de
programas de empleo para titulados jóvenes con discapacidad, dirigidos por la Agencia
Estatal de Empleo de Alemania, universidades y organizaciones de servicios para
estudiantes.
ABSTRACT
: This paper gives an overview on German legal instruments in both
labour law and social law designated to insure the integration and participation of
persons with disabilities in the labour market. The authors discuss the influence and
implementation of international legal rules such as European Directives or the
describes the actual labour market situation with regard to the employment of disabled
persons. Finally, the authors give examples of job placement programs for young
academics with disabilities, led by the German National Employment Agency,
universities, and student services organisations.
PALABRAS CLAVE
: participación en el mercado laboral, despido
ajustes razonables, acceso a la enseñanza superior.
KEYWO RDS
: participation in the labour market, unlawful dismissal,
accommodation, access to Higher Education.
Integration and Participation of Disabled Persons in the Labour Market – The Legal
Instruments in German Law
Revista Derecho Social y Empresa Suplemento nº 1, Abril 2015
ISSN: 2341-135X pág. 78
1. PREFACE
To fully appreciate the following report, we would like to point out some
characteristics of the German legal system.
German constitutional law and any other written law has to be interpreted
following the rule of “Völkerrechtsfreundlichkeit” (favourable attitude towards
international law), which means that respecting the international law has to be
enforced if at all possible in the limits set by the wording and the recognizable spirit of
the law.3
The integration of persons with disabilities in the educational and vocational
training system as well as in the labour market are relevant to the fields of labour law
and social security law as well as to social assistance and welfare law. This distinction is
important because the former is considered part of civil law and primarily follows the
regime of contract law, whereas social security law and social assistance and welfare law
are specialized fields of public, and here more specifically administrative law. These
different premises may cause issues in the application of different acts.
Lastly, the above-mentioned areas of law are at the junction of the division of
power within the federal system. Both the competency of legislation as well as the
execution thereof can fall under the purview of either the federation or the federal
states. This is further complicated in that within one area of law, competency of
legislation can lie with the federation while the execution lies with the federal states.
1 BVerfG, 26/03/1987, file ref. 2 BvR 589/79 ; 14/10/2004, file ref. 2 BvR 1481/04;
23/03/2011, file ref. 2 BvR 882/09; R. GEIGER, Grundgesetz und Völkerrecht, 6th ed.,
Munich, 2013, pp. 163, 170 et seqq.; K.-P. SOMMERMANN, in: Hermann von
Mangoldt/Friedrich Klein/Christian Starck (eds.), GG, Vol. 2, 6th ed., Munich, 2010, Art. 20
rec. 254; K.-P. SOMMERMANN, “Völkerrechtlich garantierte Menschenrechte als Maßstab
der Verfassungskonkretisierung – Die Menschenrechtsfreundlichkeit des Grundgesetzes”, AöR
114 (1989), p. 391 (418); J. v. BERNSTORFF, “Anmerkungen zur innerstaatlichen
Anwendbarkeit ratifizierter Menschenrechtsverträge: Welche Rechtswirkungen erzeugt das
Menschenrecht auf inklusive Schulbildung aus der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention im
deutschen Sozial- und Bildungsrecht?”, RdJB 2011, p. 203 (208).

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