El acuerdo sobre los ADPIC y los acuerdos con disposiciones ADPIC plus y ADPIC extra a la luz de la protección de la salud pública

Document

Citas 1

Citado por

Autor	Xavier Seuba Hernández
Páginas	245-292

&$3Ë78/29,

EL ACUERDO SOBRE LOS ADPIC

Y LOS ACUERDOS CON DISPOSICIONES

ADPIC PLUS Y ADPIC EXTRA A LA LUZ

DE LA PROTECCIÓN DE LA SALUD PÚBLICA

I. LA INTERPRETACIÓN DEL ACUERDO

SOBRE LOS ADPIC Y LA SALUD

$SHVDUGH TXH HQ HO$FXHUGR VREUHORV$'3,& H[LVWH VXIFLHQWH

IH[LELOLGDGSDUDDGRSWDULQWHUSUHWDFLRQHVFHUFDQDVDOLQWHUpVGHODVD

OXGS~EOLFDHOFXHVWLRQDPLHQWRGHODVPLVPDVSRUSDUWHGHLPSRUWDQ

WHV DFWRUHV FRPHUFLDOHV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV KD KHFKR QHFHVDULR DKRQGDU

HQODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHO$FXHUGR$GHPiVHO$'3,&UHFRJHQXPHUR

VDVGLVSRVLFLRQHVDPELJXDVSDUDFX\RHVFODUHFLPLHQWRUHVXOWDQ~WLOHV

ODVQRUPDVGH LQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHORVWUDWDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV$GLFKR

REMHWLYRFRDG\XYDQDFXHUGRVVXEVLJXLHQWHV\RWUDVQRUPDVUHOHYDQWHV

GH'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO S~EOLFRTXHHQIDWL]DQODLPSRUWDQFLDGHOD

VDOXGFRPRELHQMXUtGLFRDSURWHJHU6HQWDGDVODVEDVHVGHODLQWHUSUH

WDFLyQHOVHJXQGRDSDUWDGRGHHVWHHStJUDIHDQDOL]DODSDWHQWDELOLGDG

GHORVSURGXFWRVIDUPDFpXWLFRVDSDUWLUGHODVFRQGLFLRQHVLGHQWLIFD

GDVHQHO$'3,&3DUDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQTXHVHSUHVHQWDQRHVSUHFLVR

UHFXUU LU D QRUPD V GLVWLQW DV D ODV SU RSLDV GLV SRVLFLRQ HV GHO $'3,&

TXHHQPDWHULDGHUHTXLVLWRVGHSDWHQWDELOLGDGUHFRJHQVHJXUDPHQ

WH OD SU LQFLSDO  IH[LELOL GDG GHO $FXH UGR DO G HMDU TXH  ORV 0LHP EURV

GHFLGDQTXp VH HQWLHQGH SRU QRYHGDG DOWXUD LQYHQWLYD \ DSOLFDFLyQ

LQGXVWULDO

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

 (/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

%$-2/$©5(*/$*(1(5$/'(,17(535(7$&,Ï1ª

'(/2675$7$'26,17(51$&,21$/(6

$ La interpretación convencional del Acuerdo sobre los ADPIC

D Arts. 31.1 y 31.2 de la CVDT

(OUpJLPHQGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOTXHUHFRJHHO$'3,&HVWiPRGX

ODGRWDQWRSRUHOPDUFRHQHOTXHVHLQVHUWDHO$FXHUGRHVGHFLUHOUpJL

PHQGHOLEHUDOL]DFLyQGHOFRPHUFLRLQWHUQDFLRQDOFRPRSRUODE~VTXHGD

GHOHTXLOLEULR HQWUHHOLQWHUpV LQGLYLGXDO\ HO LQWHUpVS~EOLFR TXH IRUPD

SDUWHGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVMXUtGLFDVTXHUHJXODQODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO

(O3UHiPEXORGHO$'3,&GLYHUVRVDUWtFXORVWH[WRVLQWHUSUHWDWLYRVSRVWH

ULRUHV\HOH[DPHQGHO$'3,&FRPRDFXHUGRancladoHQHORUGHQDPLHQWR

MXUtGLFRLQWHUQDFLRQDO DYDODQ TXH pVWHGHEHLQWHUSUHWDUVHGH PRGR TXH

SHUPLWDSURWHJHUODVDOXG

(ODUWGHO(6'FRQPLQDDLQWHUSUHWDUORV©DFXHUGRVDEDUFDGRVª

VHJ~QODVQRUPDVFRQVXHWXGLQDULDVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGH'HUHFKRLQWHUQD

FLRQDOS~EOLFR(OÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQKDVHxDODGRTXHHVWDUHIHUHQFLDD

ODVQRUPDVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQHVUHIHMRGHTXHORVDFXHUGRVGHOD20&QR

GHEHQOHHUVH©DLVODGRVFOtQLFDPHQWHªGHO'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO\KDLQ

YRFDGRFRQIUHFXHQFLDGLFKDVQRUPDVFRQVXHWXGLQDULDV/DUHIHUHQFLDGHO

DUWDODV normas usuales de interpretación del derecho internacional

público UHPLWH HQSDUWLFXODU SHURQRH[FOXVLYDPHQWH DORVDUWV 

\GH OD3DUWH ,,,GH OD&9'7 /DQRYHGDGVHHQFXHQWUDQRWDQWRHQ

ODDSOLFDFLyQ GH ODV UHJODVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ GH ORV WUDWDGRV LQWHJUDGDV

HQHO 'HUHFKR LQWHUQDFLRQDO JHQHUDO VLQR HQ ©OD FRQVDJUDFLyQ H[SUHVD

\DSOLFDFLyQVLVWHPiWLFDGHORVSULQFLSLRV\UHJODVGHORVDUWV\ª

QDULDGHODV QRUPDVGH LQWHUSUHWDFLyQLQFOXVRGHQRKDEHUH[LVWLGRHVWD

UHIHUHQFLDDODVQRUPDVFRQVXHWXGLQDULDVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQORVDFXHUGRV

 -.256©/DHYROXFLyQGHO$FXHUGRVREUHORV$'3,&+DFLDXQPXOWLODWHUDOLVPRIH[LEOHª

HQ%5(0,&+(\-.256FRPSVPropiedad Intelectual y Tecnología, %XHQRV$LUHV/D/H\)D

FXOWDGGH'HUHFKRGHOD8%$S

 3RU©DFXHUGRVDEDUFDGRVªVHDOXGHDORVPHQFLRQDGRVHQHO$SpQGLFHGHO(QWHQGLPLHQWR

UHODWLYRDODVQRUPDV\SURFHGLPLHQWRVSRUORVTXHVHULJHODVROXFLyQGHGLIHUHQFLDV

 6LELHQVHUHIHUtDDO*$77ODUHIHUHQFLDHVH[WHQVLEOHDOUHVWRGHDFXHUGRVGHOD20&Vid

ÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQEstados Unidos-Pautas para la gasolina reformulada y convencional, (Es-

tados Unidos-Gasolina),:7'6$%5DSDUWDGR,,,%

 'LFKRVDUWtFXORVQRUHFRJHQWRGDVODVQRUPDVXVXDOHVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ([LVWHQRWURVSULQ

FLSLRVFRQVXHWXGLQDULRV GH LQWHUSUHWDFLyQFRPR HO SULQFLSLRGH HIHFWLYLGDGTXH WDPELpQ GHEHQ

WHQHUVHHQFXHQWD

 (&$1$/)25*8(6©6XUOLQWHUSUHWDWLRQGDQVOHGURLWGHO20&ªRevue Général de Droit

International Public, S

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

GHOD20&VHGHEHUtDQLQWHUSUHWDUUHFXUULHQGRDODVPLVPDV$VLPLVPR

HOKHFKR GHTXH HVWRVDUWtFXORVIRUPHQ SDUWHGHO 'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO

JHQHUDOSHUPLWH VX DSOLFDFLyQ WDQWR D (VWDGRV TXHQRVRQSDUWH GH OD

&9'7FRPRDRUJDQL]DFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV

(O'HUHFKRFRQYHQFLRQDOHO'HUHFKR FRQVXHWXGLQDULR\OD MXULVSUX

GHQFLDFRLQFLGHQHQ TXH ©XQWUDWDGRGHEHVHU LQWHUSUHWDGR GH EXHQD IH

FRQIRUPHDOVHQWLGRRUGLQDULRDDWULEXLUDVXVWpUPLQRVHQVXFRQWH[WRDOD

OX]GHVXREMHWR\IQªQRUPDTXHUHFRJHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ©JUDPDWLFDOª

©OyJLFRVLVWHPiWLFDª\©WHOHROyJLFDª/DLQWHUSUHWDFLyQHVXQDRSHUDFLyQ

~QLFDSRUORTXHHORUGHQGHORVHOHPHQWRVDWHQHUHQFXHQWDLGHQWLIFD

GRVHQ OD ©UHJODJHQHUDOGH LQWHUSUHWDFLyQª UHFRJLGDHQHO DUW GHOD

&9'7UHVSRQGH DFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVGH OyJLFD \QRSRU HO FRQWUDULR GH

MHUDUTXtD(O SULPHUREMHWLYRGHO LQWpUSUHWH GHEHVHU©GHVFLIUDU ODUHDO

YHUGDGHUDYROXQWDG GH FRPSURPLVR RDFXHUGRGHODV SDUWHVª SDUD OR

TXHULJHODSULPDFtDGHOWH[WR(QHVWHVHQWLGRHOÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQGH

OD20&KDVRVWHQLGRTXHHO©LQWpUSUHWHGHXQWUDWDGRGHEHFRPHQ]DUSRU

FHQWUDUVHHQHO WH[WRGH ODGLVSRVLFLyQ TXHYDDLQWHUSUHWDUªHQFRQWUiQ

GRVHHQHOPLVPR\HQVXFRQWH[WRHOREMHWR\IQTXHSHUVLJXHQODVSDUWHV

HQXQWUDWDGR/DVUHJODVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQSUHYLVWDVHQHODUW&9'7

©QRH[LJHQQLDSUXHEDQHOLPSXWDUDOWUDWDGRSDODEUDVTXHQRH[LVWHQHQ

pOR TXH VH WUDVODGHQ FRQFHSWRVTXHQRVH SUHWHQGtDQ UHFRJHU HQ pOª

3DODEUDVTXHGHEHQH[DPLQDUVH©HQHOFRQWH[WRHQHOTXHRFXUUHQª

(OFRQWH[WRGHO$'3,& DORV HIHFWRVGH VXLQWHUSUHWDFLyQORFRQIRU

PDQVX3UHiPEXOR\SDUWHGLVSRVLWLYDHQODTXHHQFDVRGHDPELJHGDG

GHVXV GLVSRVLFLRQHVVREUHVDOHQ ORV DUWV\TXHUHFRJHQORVREMHWL

Vid*UXSR(VSHFLDO Corea-Medidas que afectan a la contratación pública (Corea-Contra-

tación pública),:7'65GHMXQLRGHSiUU

 ©(VWDUHJODJHQHUDOGH LQWHUSUHWDFLyQVH KDHOHYDGRDOD FRQGLFLyQGHQRUPD GHO'HUHFKR

LQWHUQDFLRQDOFRQVXHWXGLQDULR RJHQHUDOª \HODUW GHOD &RQYHQFLyQGH 9LHQD©VHKD HOHYDGR

WDPELpQDOD PLVPDFRQGLFLyQªÏUJDQR GH$SHODFLyQ Japón-Impuestos sobre las bebidas alco-

hólicas (Japón Bebidas alcohólicas II), :7'6$%5:7'6$%5:7'6$%5 GH

RFWXEUHGH DSDUWDGR'

 &DVRVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHGHORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV\GHOD&RPXQLGDG(XURSHD

 $VtORDIUPyOD&RPLVLyQGH'HUHFKR ,QWHUQDFLRQDOVid8QLWHG1DWLRQVYearbook of the

International Law CommissionYROS

 $5(0,52%527216Derecho Internacional Público. II. Derecho de los Tratados, 0DGULG

7HFQRVS

 ÏUJDQRGH $SHODFLyQEstados Unidos-Prohibición de las importaciones de determina-

dos camarones y productos del camarón (Estados Unidos-Camarones), :7'6$%5 GH

RFWXEUHGHSiUU3DUDOD&',©the starting point of interpretation is the elucidation of

the meaning of the text, not an investigation DE LQLWLR into the intentions of the partiesª8QLWHG

1DWLRQVYearbook of the International Law Commissionop. cit

 ÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQIndia-Protección mediante patentes de los productos farmacéuticos

y de los productos químicos para la agricultura (India-Patentes), :7'6$%5GHGLFLHP

EUHGHDSDUWDGR9

 3DUDORTXHFRPRVHxDOD)(51È1'(=3216KDFLWDGRDFXDQWLRVDMXULVSUXGHQFLDGHOD&RUWH

,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH-XVWLFLD;)(51È1'(=3216op. cit.S

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

YRV\SULQFLSLRVGHO$FXHUGR/DLPSRUWDQFLDGHORVSUHiPEXORVGHORV

DFXHUGRVGH OD 20& OD KD HQIDWL]DGR HOÏUJDQRGH $SHODFLyQ(QHO

FDVRGHO$'3,&HO3UHiPEXORUHIHMDXQHTXLOLEULRHQWUHREOLJDFLRQHV\

GHUHFKRVHQSDUWLFXODUHQORTXHFRQFLHUQHDVXUHODFLyQFRQORVREMHWLYRV

\IQHVGHO$FXHUGR /DSULPHUD IUDVHUHFRJHHOREMHWLYRTXHPRYLyD

ORV0LHPEURVDDGRSWDUHO$'3,&©UHGXFLU ODVGLVWRUVLRQHVGHOFRPHU

FLRLQWHUQDFLRQDO \ORV REVWiFXORVDOPLVPRª DVDWLVIDFHU©WHQLHQGR HQ

FXHQWDODQHFHVLGDGGHIRPHQWDUXQDSURWHFFLyQHIFD]\DGHFXDGDGHORV

GHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOª6HYLQFXODDVtHO$'3,&DORVREMH

WLYRVGHOD20&HVGHFLUUHGXFLUODVEDUUHUDV\ODGLVFULPLQDFLyQHQHO

FRPHUFLRSDUDSURPRYHUHOGHVDUUROOR\ PHMRUDUORVHVWiQGDUHVGHYLGD

'DGRTXHVREUHSURWHJHUODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOLQKLEHODOLEHUDOL]DFLyQ

FRPHUFLDOHO3UHiPEXORSUHYLHQHHQFRQWUDGHOXVRGHODSURSLHGDGLQWH

OHFWXDOSDUDEORTXHDUHOFRPHUFLROHJtWLPR

(O3UHiPEXORVHxDODODQHFHVLGDGGHIRPHQWDUXQDSURWHFFLyQ©DGH

FXDGDªGHORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO(OVHQWLGRFRUULHQWHGH

ORVWpUPLQRVLQGLFDTXH©DGHFXDGRªHVDTXHOOR©DSURSLDGRDODVFRQGLFLR

QHVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVXREMHWRª\QRODSURWHFFLyQPiVHOHYDGDSRVLEOH

$VtOD©SURWHFFLyQ DGHFXDGDªHVOD DSURSLDGDSDUDHO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR

GHOUpJLPHQGHOFRPHUFLRLQWHUQDFLRQDO\ODFRQVHFXFLyQGHORVREMHWLYRV

LGHQWLIFDGRVHQHODUWGHO$'3,&$GHPiVHO3UHiPEXORLQFLGHHQOD

IH[LELOLGDGLQWUtQVHFDGHO$'3,&HLQVWDDWRPDU©HQFRQVLGHUDFLyQODV

GLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHORVVLVWHPDVMXUtGLFRVQDFLRQDOHVªDODKRUDGHSURWHJHU

ORVGHUHFKRV GHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO )OH[LELOLGDGHOHYDGDDO JUDGRGH

©Pi[LPDIH[LELOLGDGª FRQ UHVSHFWR DORVSDtVHVPHQRV DGHODQWDGRV \

FRQIUPDGDHQHODUWDOSUHYHUTXH©ORV0LHPEURVSRGUiQHVWDEOHFHU

OLEUHPHQWHHOPpWRGRDGHFXDGRSDUDDSOLFDUODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVGHOSUHVHQ

WH$FXHUGRHQHOPDUFRGHVXSURSLRVLVWHPD\SUiFWLFDMXUtGLFRVª

(O3UHiPEXOR FRQIUPD HOFDUiFWHULQVWUXPHQWDO GH ORV GHUHFKRVGH

SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO, DOUHFRQRFHU©ORVREMHWLYRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHSR

OtWLFD JHQHUDO S~EOLFD GH ORV VLVWHPDV QDFLRQDOHV GH SURWHFFLyQ GH ORV

GHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOFRQLQFOXVLyQGHORVREMHWLYRVHQPD

WHULDGHGHVDUUROOR\WHFQRORJtDª(VWRVREMHWLYRVVRQHVSHFLDOPHQWHLP

SRUWDQWHVHQ HO$'3,&GHPRGRTXH VH GHVDUUROODQ HQ ORV DUWV \

TXHUHFRJHQORV©2EMHWLYRVª\©3ULQFLSLRVªGHO$FXHUGRHVGHFLUORV

 (QHODVXQWREstados Unidos-CamaronesHOÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQVXEUD\yODLPSRUWDQFLDGHO

3UHiPEXORGHO*$77 SDUDLQWHJUDUODSURWHFFLyQ PHGLRDPELHQWDODOUpJLPHQGH OLEHUDOL]DFLyQ

GHOFRPHUFLREstados Unidos-Camaronesop. cit.,SiUUV \

 3DUDXQDYLVLyQPiVFUtWLFDVREUHHO3UHiPEXORvid&0&255($Trade Related Aspects

of Intellectual property Rights2[IRUG2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVSS

 81&7$',&76'Resource Book on TRIPS and Development1HZ

8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVS

 'LFFLRQDULRGHOD5HDO$FDGHPLD(VSDxRODGHOD/HQJXD

 1R VRQ ORV ~QLFRV DUWtFXORV TXH GHIQHQ HO REMHWLYR \ SULQFLSLRV GHO $'3,& &RPR VH

DIUPyHQHO FDVRCanadá-Patentes, ©ORVREMHWLYRV\ OtPLWHVHVWDEOHFLGRV HQORV DUWV\ GH

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

SULQFLSLRVUHFWRUHV SDUD LQWHUSUHWDU \ DSOLFDUODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVGHO $'

3,&\SDUDHYDOXDUODDGHFXDFLyQ\HIFDFLDGHODOHJLVODFLyQQDFLRQDOGH

SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO

(ODUW VHxDOD TXH OD SURWHFFLyQ GHOD SURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO GHEH

VDWLVIDFHU GLYHUVRVREMHWLYRV SURPRYHU OD LQQRYDFLyQ WHFQROyJLFD\ OD

WUDQVIHUHQFLD\GLVHPLQDFLyQGHWHFQRORJtDKDFHUORHQEHQHIFLRUHFtSURFR

GHSURGXFWRUHV\XVXDULRVFRQWULEX\HQGRDOELHQHVWDUVRFLDO\HFRQyPLFR

\DO HTXLOLEULR GH GHUHFKRV \REOLJDFLRQHVeVWRVVRQ ORV REMHWLYRV GHO

$'3,&TXHORHQPDUFDQHQOD\DDOXGLGDFRQFHSFLyQLQVWUXPHQWDOGHOD

SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO\UHFRQRFHQHOWUDGLFLRQDOHTXLOLEULRHQWUHGHUHFKRV

GHORVWLWXODUHV\GHORVXVXDULRVTXHSHUVLJXHHO'HUHFKRGHODSURSLHGDG

LQWHOHFWXDOFX\DSRQGHUDFLyQVHWUDVODGDDOSODQRPXOWLODWHUDO,GHQWLI

FDGRVORVREMHWLYRVHODUWUHFRJHORVSULQFLSLRVGHO$FXHUGR\GHFODUD

TXHORV0LHPEURVSXHGHQDGRSWDUODVPHGLGDVQHFHVDULDVSDUDSURWHJHUOD

VDOXGS~EOLFD\ODQXWULFLyQ\SDUDSURPRYHUHOLQWHUpVS~EOLFRHQVHFWR

UHVUHOHYDQWHVSDUDHOGHVDUUROORVRFLRHFRQyPLFR\WHFQROyJLFR

E Art. 31.3.D de la CVDT

$SHVDUGHTXHHO$'3,&FRQWLHQHGLVSRVLFLRQHVTXHDOD OX]GHORV

PHQFLRQDGRVSULQFLSLRV\REMHWLYRVSHUPLWHQSURWHJHUODSURSLHGDGLQWH

OHFWXDOGHIRUPDFRPSDWLEOHFRQODVDOXGGLYHUVDVDFFLRQHVHPSUHQGLGDV

HQHOVHQRGHOD20&\HQVHGHQDFLRQDOLQYRFDQGRHO$'3,&QHJDURQ

GLFKDSRVLELOLGDG/DVFRQVHFXHQFLDV\JUDYHGDGGHOEORTXHRTXHVH

LQWHQWyKLFLHURQQHFHVDULRDGRSWDUOD'HFODUDFLyQGH'RKD TXHLQFLGH

HQORVREMHWLYRVGHO$'3,& \ OD SURWHFFLyQ DUPyQLFDGHODSURSLHGDG

LQWHOHFWXDO\ODVDOXGS~EOLFD(QHVWHVHQWLGRVLELHQOD'HFODUDFLyQ©QR

DEUHQXHYRV FDPLQRVHQHO VHQRGH ORV$'3,&VLQRTXH FRQIUPDODOH

JLWLPLGDGGHODPHGLGDVTXHEXVFDQDSURYHFKDUODIH[LELOLGDGLQWUtQVHFD

EHQWHQHUVHHQ FXHQWDFXDQGR VHKDJD UHIULpQGRVHDOH[DPHQ GHODV FRQGLFLRQHVOLPLWDWLYDVGHO

DUW DVtFRPRaquellas otras previsionesGHO$FXHUGR$'3,&TXHLQGLFDQ VXREMHWLYR\ SUR

SyVLWRVª*UXSR(VSHFLDO Canadá-Protección mediante patente de los productos farmacéuticos,

:7'65GHPDU]RGHSiUU

 $$<868))©75,3V%DFNJURXQG3ULQFLSOHVDQG*HQHUDO3URYLVLRQVª&0 &255($\

$$<868))HGVIntellectual Property and International Trade: The TRIPS Agreement, /RQ

GRQ7KH+DJXH%RVWRQ.OXZHU/DZ,QWHUQDWLRQDOS

 81&7$',&76'op. cit.S

 6HUHFRQRFH WDPELpQOD SRVLEOHQHFHVLGDG GH DGRSWDUPHGLGDV SDUDUHDFFLRQDU IUHQWHD

DEXVRVGHORVGHUHFKRV GHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO ORTXHLQFOX\H SHURYDPiV DOOiGHO'HUHFKR GH

ODFRPSHWHQFLD

 &DVRVFRQRFLGRVGH %UDVLO\6XGiIULFD FX\DVOHJLVODFLRQHVHQPDWHULD GHSDWHQWHV\VXV

LQWHQWRVGHDPROGDUODV DLQWHUHVHV GHVDOXG S~EOLFDHQFRQWUDURQXQD GXUDRSRVLFLyQ SRUSDUWH GH

ORV(VWDGRV 8QLGRVTXHVH DFRPSDxyGH DFFLRQHVHQ HO26' \GHPDQGDV MXGLFLDOHVHQ HOSODQR

LQWHUQR

 &RQIHUHQFLD0LQLVWHULDODeclaración relativa al Acuerdo sobre los ADPIC y la Salud Pú-

blica, GHGHQLYLHPEUHGH:70,1'(&

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

GHO$'3,&ªVXYDORUVHHQFXHQWUDHQODDIUPDFLyQGHTXHORV(VWDGRV

WLHQHQHOGHUHFKRDLQWHUSUHWDUHO$FXHUGRGHIRUPDTXHSHUPLWDSURWHJHU

ODVDOXGS~EOLFD\©DXWLOL]DUHQWRGDVXH[WHQVLyQODVQRUPDVªTXHFRQ

WULEX\DQDGLFKRIQ

(QODDeclaración Ministerial generalGHOD&RQIHUHQFLD0LQLVWHULDO

GHOD20&FHOHEUDGDHQ'RKDHQ QRYLHPEUH GHO  ORV 0LHPEURV

UHFDOFDURQOD LPSRUWDQFLDGHTXH HO$'3,& ©VHDSOLTXHH LQWHUSUHWH GH

PDQHUDTXH DSR\H ODVDOXGS~EOLFD SURPRYLHQGR WDQWRHODFFHVR D ORV

PHGLFDPHQWRVH[LVWHQWHV FRPROD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ\GHVDUUROOR GHQXHYRV

PHGLFDPHQWRVª SDUD OR TXH DGRSWDURQ XQD 'HFODUDFLyQ DSDUWH /D

Declaración de Doha relativa al Acuerdo sobre los ADPIC y la Salud

PúblicaDERUGDDOJXQRVGHORVWHPDVPiVFRQWURYHUWLGRV GHO$FXHUGR\

DFODUDODUHODFLyQHQWUHHOPLVPR\ODVDOXGS~EOLFD\QRPHUDPHQWHFRQ

UHVSHFWRD DOJXQDV HQIHUPHGDGHV(O SiUUDIRUHVXOWDIXQGDPHQWDO DO

FRQIUPDUTXHHO©$'3,&QRLPSLGHQLGHEHUiLPSHGLUTXHORV0LHPEURV

DGRSWHQPHGLGDV SDUDSURWHJHUOD VDOXGS~EOLFDªTXH ©SXHGH\GHEHUi

VHULQWHUSUHWDGR\DSOLFDGR GHXQD PDQHUDTXHDSR\H HOGHUHFKR GHORV

0LHPEURVGHOD20&GHSURWHJHUODVDOXGS~EOLFDª\TXHORV0LHPEURV

WLHQHQHOGHUHFKRD ©XWLOL]DUDOPi[LPRODV GLVSRVLFLRQHVGHO$FXHUGR

VREUHORV$'3,& TXH SUHYpQ IH[LELOLGDG D HVWH HIHFWRª $O DIUPDU HO

GHUHFKR\GHEHUGHORV0LHPEURVGHDSURYHFKDUODV IH[LELOLGDGHV GHO

$FXHUGRD IDYRU GH OD VDOXG \HOLPLQDUODV GXGDV DFHUFD GH VL ODOHWUD

IQDOGHODUWGHO$'3,&SULPDED ODSURWHFFLyQGHODSURSLHGDGLQWH

OHFWXDOVREUHODGHODVDOXGOD'HFODUDFLyQ©FRQVWLWX\HODSLHGUDDQJXODU

GHOGHEDWHLQWHUQDFLRQDOVREUHORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOª\

PDUFD©XQSXQWRGHLQIH[LyQHQHOFRPHUFLRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHPRVWUDQGR

TXHXQVLVWHPDGHFRPHUFLREDVDGRHQUHJODVMXUtGLFDVGHEHVHUFRPSDWL

EOHFRQORVLQWHUHVHVGHODVDOXGS~EOLFDª

/D'HFODUDFLyQIXHDGRSWDGDSRUOD&RQIHUHQFLD0LQLVWHULDO ORTXH

QRKDHYLWDGRGXGDVDFHUFDGHVXHVWDWXVOHJDO$GHPiVGHXQDIXHUWHGH

FODUDFLyQSROtWLFDVHVRVWLHQHTXHOD'HFODUDFLyQHVXQDdecisiónPLQLV

 3&8//(7©$PHQGHG3DWHQWV$FWDQG$FFHVVWR0HGLFLQHVDIWHU'RKDªEconomical and

Political Weekly, ;;;9,,GHMXQLRGHS

 &RQIHUHQFLD0LQLVWHULDO'HFODUDFLyQ0LQLVWHULDOGHOGHQRYLHPEUHGH:70,1

'(&SiUU

 8QDSRVLEOHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHHVWDGLVSRVLFLyQHVTXHDGLIHUHQFLDGHODUW;;b)GHO*$77

ODVDOXGS~EOLFD\ODVRWUDVUD]RQHVHQXPHUDGDVHQHODUWSHUPLWHQDGRSWDUPHGLGDVSHURQRGH

URJDUODVREOLJDFLRQHVFRQWHQLGDVHQHO$'3,&SRUORTXHVXDOFDQFHVHUtDPiVOLPLWDGRTXHHOGHO

DUW;;b)GHO*$77&&255($Repercusiones de la Declaración de Doha relativa al Acuerdo

sobre los ADPIC y la salud pública,*LQHEUD 206:+2('03$5SS\

 318'Cómo lograr que el comercio global sea benef‌i cioso para la gente,/RQGUHV6WHU

OLQJ(DUWKVFDQS

 &&255($Repercusiones de la Declaración...,op. cit.SL

 $VtHV FRPROD FRQVLGHUDQORV (VWDGRV8QLGRV SDtVTXHVRVWLHQH TXHOD 'HFODUDFLyQGH

'RKDFDUHFHGHYDORUOHJDOVid.,8675Fact Sheet Summarizing Results from WTO Doha Meet-

ing1RYWKKWWSXVHPEDVV\LWIOHBDOLDDKWP

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

WHULDOTXHHVSHFLIFDHOSURSyVLWRGHO$'3,&HQPDWHULDGHVDOXGS~EOL

FDLQWHUSUHWDFLHUWRVDVSHFWRVLPSRUWDQWHV RUGHQDDFWXDU DO&RQVHMR GH

ORV$'3,&\GHFLGHVREUHODDSOLFDFLyQGHODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVWUDQVLWRULDV

SDUDORVSDtVHVPHQRVGHVDUUROODGRV6LELHQXQD©GHFODUDFLyQªQRWLHQH

XQHVWDWXVOHJDOHVSHFtIFRHQHO'HUHFKRGHOD20&GDGRVHOFRQWHQLGR

\HOPRGRGHDSUREDFLyQGHOD'HFODUDFLyQSXHGHVRVWHQHUVHTXHVHWUDWD

GHXQDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQDXWRUL]DGDHVGHFLUXQDGHFLVLyQTXHFUHDXQSUH

FHGHQWHYLQFXODQWHSDUDORVLQIRUPHVIXWXURVGHO26'

&LHUWRVHFWRUGHODGRFWULQDVRVWLHQHTXHDOQRKDEHUVLGRUHPLWLGDSRU

HO&RQVHMRVREUHORV$'3,&DOD&RQIHUHQFLD0LQLVWHULDOWDO\FRPRUH

TXLHUHHODUW,;GHO$FXHUGRSRUHOTXHVHHVWDEOHFHOD20&OD'HFOD

UDFLyQLQFXPSOHXQRGHORVUHTXLVLWRVSDUDFRQVLGHUDUVHXQDGHFLVLyQTXH

HVWDEOHFHXQDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQDXWRUL]DGD6LQHPEDUJRHOWH[WRRULJLQDO

GHOD'HFODUDFLyQVHIUDJXyHQHO&RQVHMRVREUHORV$'3,&\GHDKtSDVy

DO&RQVHMR*HQHUDOGRQGHIXHGLVFXWLGD\WUDQVIHULGDDOD&RQIHUHQFLD

0LQLVWHULDO6L D SHVDU GH HOOR HO IRUPDOLVPR H[LJLHUDXQDSHWLFLyQH[

SUHVDGH DGRSFLyQ GH XQD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ OD 'HFODUDFLyQ VLJXH GHVHP

SHxDQGRXQGHVWDFDGtVLPRSDSHOHQODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHO$'3,&©FRPR

DFXHUGRXOWHULRUHQWUHODVSDUWHVªDOTXHHODUWa)GHOD&9'7REOLJD

DWHQHU HQ FXHQWD /D'HFODUDFLyQDGRSWDGD SRU WRGRV ORV0LHPEURV

GHOD20&HVXQD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ DXWpQWLFD GHO$'3,& HVWDEOHFH XQD

UHJODHVSHFtIFDGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHOPLVPR\GHODVOH\HV\UHJODPHQWRV

DGRSWDGRVSDUDLPSOHPHQWDUOR SULQFLSLRTXH GHEHUiQVHJXLU ORVJUXSRV

HVSHFLDOHV\HOÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQGHDFXHUGRFRQODVUHJODVGH LQWHU

SUHWDFLyQGHORVWUDWDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV

B. El ADPIC a la luz de la integración sistémica

D El anclaje del Derecho de la OMC

en el Derecho internacional público

4XHHO$'3,& VHD XQDFXHUGRGH PtQLPRV \XQFRPSURPLVR HQWUH

SRVWXUDVRSXHVWDVH[SOLFDTXHQXPHURVRVDUWtFXORVFXHQWHQFRQLQWHUSUH

 3DUDORVDUJXPHQWRV HQHVWHVHQWLGRvid. 6&+$5129,7=©7KH /HJDO6WDWXV RIWKH'RKD

'HFODUDWLRQªJournal of International Economic LawYROQ~PSS

 &&255($Repercusiones de la Declaración... op. citS

 3RUHMHPSORvid-3$8:(/<1Conf‌l ict of Norms in Public International LawHow WTO

Law Relates to other Rules of International Law &DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

S

VidSDUDHOiterTXHVLJXLyOD'HFODUDFLyQ&&255($Repercusiones de la Declaración...,

op. cit.,S

 (QHVWHVHQWLGR -7+82*$7,,©7KHOHJDO VWDWXVRIWKH 'RKD'HFODUDWLRQ RQ75,36DQG

3XEOLF+HDOWKXQGHUWKH9LHQQD&RQYHQWLRQRQWKH/DZRIWKH7UHDWLHVªHarvard Journal of Law

& Technology, YROQ~PS$'0,7&+(//©7KHOHJDOEDVLVIRUXVLQJSULQFLSOHV

LQ:72GLVSXWHVªJournal of International Economic LawYRO'HFHPEHUS

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

WDFLRQHVGLVSDUHVTXHHO$'3,&HV DPELJXR HQ FXHVWLRQHV HQ ODV

TXH ODV GLIHUHQFLDV HQWUH ORV QHJRFLDGRUHV HUDQ DJXGDV UHFRJH WpUPL

QRVDELHUWRV©HIHFWLYRª©UD]RQDEOHª©QRUPDOª©MXVWR\HTXLWDWLYRªR

©DGHFXDGRªLQFRUSRUDFRQFHSWRVFX\RVLJQLIFDGRVH HQFXHQWUD IXHUD

GHO 'HUHFKR GH OD SURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO ©PRUDOª ©VDOXG S~EOLFDª \

UHFRJHWpUPLQRVMXUtGLFRVFRQXQVLJQLIFDGRFRQFUHWR HQRWURViPELWRV

©XVRFRPHUFLDOGHVOHDOª ©WUDWRGHODQDFLyQPiV IDYRUHFLGDª%LHQHO

3UHiPEXOR\ORV DUWV\ELHQOD 'HFODUDFLyQGH'RKDGHEHUtDQVRO

YHQWDUODPD\RUtDGHGXGDV\FRQGXFLUDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQPiVIDYRUDEOH

DODSURWHFFLyQ GHODVDOXGS~EOLFD6LQ HPEDUJRGHSHUVLVWLU ODVGXGDV

RWUDVQRUPDVGH'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOS~EOLFRVRQUHOHYDQWHVORTXHUH

PLWHDODLQWHJUDFLyQVLVWpPLFD\DVXSRWHQFLDOHQHOiPELWRGHO'HUHFKR

GHOD20&

3HVHDODIUHFXHQFLDFRQODTXHVHUHSLWHODHQJDxRVDREYLHGDGGHOD

DIUPDFLyQKDFHQHFHVDULRLQVLVWLUHQTXHHO'HUHFKRGHOD20&HV'HUH

FKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOS~EOLFR\HVWiHVWUHFKDPHQWHYLQFXODGRFRQHOUHVWRGHO

RUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFRLQWHUQDFLRQDO'HDKtODWDQUHLWHUDGDFLWDDOSDVDMH

GHODVXQWRHQHOTXHHOÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQVHxDOyTXHORVDFXHUGRVGH

OD20& QR GHEHQ LQWHUSUHWDUVH©DLVOiQGRORVFOtQLFDPHQWH GHO 'HUHFKR

LQWHUQDFLRQDOS~EOLFRª &RPR UHFXHUGD )(51È1'(= 3216 ORV yUJDQRV

UHVROXWRULRVGHOD20&DFXGHQDQRUPDVH[WHUQDVDO'HUHFKRGHOD20&

HQYLUWXGGHODQRUPDTXHLQVWDDDFODUDUORVDFXHUGRV VHJ~QODVQRUPDV

XVXDOHVGH LQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHO'HUHFKR LQWHUQDFLRQDO S~EOLFRHQDSOLFD

FLyQGHQRUPDVGH 'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOJHQHUDOSDUDODSURSLDJHVWLyQ

GH©QRUPDV SULPDULDVªFXDQGR ORVSURSLRVDFXHUGRV GHOD20& UHPL

WHQDWUDWDGRVH[WHUQRV\WDPELpQ FXDQGRWDOHV QRUPDVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV

VRQWRPDGDVSRU©KHFKRVªUHOHYDQWHVSDUDYDORUDUXQDGHWHUPLQDGDFRQ

WURYHUVLD3DUDORVIQHVGHODSUHVHQWHLQYHVWLJDFLyQWDQWRODDWHQFLyQ

SUHVWDGDDODVQRUPDVGH'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOJHQHUDOFRPRODDSHUWXUD

DRWUDVQRUPDVGH'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOS~EOLFRDWUDYpVGHODUHIHUHQFLD

DODVQRUPDVXVXDOHVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQVRQHVSHFLDOPHQWHUHOHYDQWHV

$OKLORGHORVDUWV\GHO(6'TXHDIUPDQTXHORVSURFHGL

PLHQWRV\ QRUPDVTXH ULJHQODVROXFLyQ GHGLIHUHQFLDV VLUYHQSDUDSUH

VHUYDUODVREOLJDFLRQHV\GHUHFKRVGH ORV0LHPEURVKD\TXLHQH[FOX\H

WRGD UHIHUHQFLD D XQD QRUPD QR FRQWHQLGD HQ ORV$FXHUGRV DEDUFDGRV

SRUHQWHQGHUTXHVXSRQHXQDDOWHUDFLyQGHHVRVGHUHFKRV\ REOLJDFLR

QHV6LQHPEDUJRODGLVWLQFLyQHQWUH MXULVGLFFLyQFRPSHWHQFLD ratione

materiae\ 'HUHFKR DSOLFDEOH QRUPDVDDSOLFDUR WHQHU HQ FXHQWD HV

IXQGDPHQWDO$VtHV UHODWLYDPHQWHSDFtIFRTXH ORVyUJDQRV UHVROXWR

ULRVGHOD20&WLHQHQXQDMXULVGLFFLyQUHVWULQJLGDORFXDOYLHQHDYDODGR

Estados Unidos-Gasolina, op. cit., DSDUWDGR,,,B)

 ;)(51È1'(=3216op. citS

 %$57(/6VHxDODTXH©HVLPSRUWDQWHGLVWLQJXLU HQWUHODMXULVGLFFLyQGHXQ WULEXQDOTXHGH

WHUPLQDODV FRQWURYHUVLDV TXHSXHGH FRQRFHU\ HO GHUHFKR DSOLFDEOHHQ OD UHVROXFLyQGH GLFKDV

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

SRUODV UHIHUHQFLDVHQHO (6'DUHVROYHU ODVFRQWURYHUVLDV GHULYDGDV GH

ORVDFXHUGRVDEDUFDGRV VHJ~QORV PLVPRV\ DQRDIHFWDUORVGHUHFKRV\

REOLJDFLRQHVGHULYDGRVGH WDOHV DFXHUGRV (Q HVWH VHQWLGR VH DSXQWD

TXH©ODFRPSHWHQFLDratione materiaeGHORV*UXSRV(VSHFLDOHV\HOÏU

JDQRGH$SHODFLyQ >@ VyORVH H[WLHQGH DUHFODPDFLRQHV SODQWHDGDV GH

FRQIRUPLGDGFRQODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVHQPDWHULDGHFRQVXOWDV\VROXFLyQ

GHGLIHUHQFLDVGHORV ³DFXHUGRVDEDUFDGRV´ªHVGHFLUTXHVXMXULVGLF

FLyQVHOLPLWDDGHWHUPLQDUODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQDYLRODFLyQGHORVDFXHUGRV

DEDUFDGRV6LQHPEDUJRODFXHVWLyQGHO'HUHFKRDSOLFDEOHHVGLVWLQWD\

HVSUHFLVDPHQWHVREUHODPLVPDVREUHODTXHH[LVWHFRQWURYHUVLD

(ODUWGHO(6'\HO$SpQGLFHTXHDOXGHQDORVDFXHUGRVDEDU

FDGRVEDMRHOSDUDJXDVGHOD20&VRQODSULPHUDUHIHUHQFLDDODERUGDUOD

FXHVWLyQGHO'HUHFKRDSOLFDEOHHQODVROXFLyQGHGLIHUHQFLDVHQOD20&

/DFXHVWLyQVLQHPEDUJRVHFHQWUDHQODUHOHYDQFLDGHRWUDVQRUPDVGH

'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO/DWHVLVPiVUHVWULFWLYDODVRVWLHQHQ75$&+70$1\

0$5&($8TXLHQHVDIUPDQTXHORVyUJDQRVUHVROXWRULRVGHOD20&QRHV

WiQDXWRUL]DGRVDDSOLFDULQVWUXPHQWRVGH'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGLVWLQWRV

DORVDFXHUGRVGHOD20&8QDYLVLyQRSXHVWDVHGHGXFHGHOSDUDOHOLV

PRTXH0$952,',6\3$/0(7(5HVWDEOHFHQHQWUHORVDUWV\GHO(6'

\HOGHO(&,-TXHOHVOOHYDDKDEODUGHODV©IXHQWHVGHO'HUHFKRGHOD

20&ª\DIUPDUTXHORVyUJDQRVUHVROXWRULRVSXHGHQUHFXUULUDWRGDVODV

IXHQWHV\PHGLRVDX[LOLDUHVUHFRJLGRVHQHOGHO(&,-(QHOPLVPR

VHQWLGR3$8:(/<1DIUPDTXHHO'HUHFKRDSOLFDEOHLQFOX\HWRGDVODVQRU

PDVUHOHYDQWHVGH'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOTXHREOLJXHQDODVSDUWHV

3$8:(/<1VRVWLHQHTXHORVDUWV\QRLPSLGHQLQFRUSRUDUWUD

WDGRVDMHQRVDO'HUHFKRGHOD20&QLWDQVLTXLHUDFXDQGRpVWRVHVWDEOHFHQ

VROXFLRQHVRSXHVWDVDORVDFXHUGRVDEDUFDGRV6HWUDWDDIUPDGHDUWtFX

FRQWURYHUVLDVª/%$57(/6©$SSOLFDEOH/DZLQ:72'LVSXWH6HWWOHPHQW3URFHHGLQJVª Journal

of World Trade, YRO. Q~PS

 (ODUWGHO (6'SRUHMHPSORGHOLPLWD HOPDQGDWRGHORV *UXSRV(VSHFLDOHV\ORFLU

FXQVFULEHD H[DPLQDU HODVXQWR D ODOX] GH ORVDFXHUGRV DEDUFDGRV TXHLQYRTXHQ ODV SDUWHV/D

DQXODFLyQRPHQRVFDERGHYHQWDMDVGHULYDGDVGHWDOHVDFXHUGRVHVSRUORWDQWROD~QLFDEDVHOHJDO

SDUDSODQWHDUXQSURFHGLPLHQWRDQWHHO26' VidWDPELpQDUWV\

 ;)(51È1'(=3216op. citS

 -3$8:(/<1Conf‌l ict of Norms in Public International Law op. citSS

 3DUD75$&+70$1ODVQXPHURVDVUHIHUHQFLDVDORV©DFXHUGRVDEDUFDGRVª\D©QRDXPHQWDU

RGLVPLQXLUGHUHFKRV\REOLJDFLRQHVª FLUFXQVFULEHQHO'HUHFKRDSOLFDEOHDO 'HUHFKRGHOD20&

-375$&+70$1©7KH'RPDLQRIWKH:72'LVSXWH5HVROXWLRQª Harvard International Law Jo-

urnal, YROQ~PSS3DUD0$5&($8WDQWRHO'HUHFKRDSOLFDEOHFRPROD

MXULVGLFFLyQUHPLWHQDORVDFXHUGRVDEDUFDGRVORTXHOOHYDDGHOLPLWDUXQVLVWHPDGH'HUHFKRDSOL

FDEOHHVSHFtIFR*0$5&($8©:72'LVSXWH6HWWOHPHQWDQG+XPDQ5LJKWVªEuropean Journal

of International LawYRO S* 0$5&($8©$&DOOIRU&RKHUHQFHLQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO

/DZ3UDLVHVIRUWKH3URKLELWLRQDJDLQVW³&OLQLFDO,VRODWLRQ´LQ:72'LVSXWH6HWWOHPHQW6\VWHPª

Journal of World TradeYROQ~PS

 '3$/0(7(5\3&0$952,',6Dispute Settlement in the World Trade Organization&DP

EULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVHGS

 -3$8:(/<1Conf‌l icts of norms in Public International Law, op. cit.S

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

ORVUHODWLYRVDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ\QRHQFDPELRVREUHHOGHUHFKRDSOLFD

EOHSRUORTXHVXVHQWLGRVHHQFXHQWUDHQODSURKLELFLyQGHFUHDU©QXHYRV

GHUHFKRV\REOLJDFLRQHVª\QRWDQWRHQOLPLWDUODMXULVGLFFLyQRHOGHUH

FKRDSOLFDEOH6LQHPEDUJR\SHVHDODWUDFWLYRGHHVWDSURSXHVWDH[LV

WHQRWUDVSRVLFLRQHVTXL]iVPiVSUDJPiWLFDV(QHVWHJUXSRVHHQFXHQWUD

=$3$7(52TXLHQVHxDODTXHHQHOVLVWHPDGHVROXFLyQGHGLIHUHQFLDVGHOD

20&H[LVWHXQFRQMXQWRGHSULQFLSLRVUHIHUHQWHVDODWHOHRORJtDGHOPLV

PRTXHWLHQGHDSUHVHUYDUORVGHUHFKRV\REOLJDFLRQHVGHORV0LHPEURV

FRPRH[SOtFLWDIQDOLGDGGHOVLVWHPD3DUD =$3$7(52VL ELHQOD QRUPD

DSOLFDEOHQROLPLWDODHQWUDGDGHRWUDVQRUPDVGH'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO

IXQFLRQDFRPR©FXHOORGHERWHOODªTXHGLIFXOWDODPLVPDFXDQGRODVGLV

SRVLFLRQHVGHRWURVWUDWDGRVFRQWUDGLFHQODQRUPDDSOLFDEOHHQHO(6'

&RLQFLGHDVtFRQHOUD]RQDPLHQWRGH%$57(/6TXLHQDIUPDTXHWRGDVODV

IXHQWHVGH 'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO VRQ DSOLFDEOHVHQ OD VROXFLyQGH FRQ

WURYHUVLDVSHURTXHORVDUWV\GHO(6'RSHUDQFRPRXQDVXHUWH

GHFOiXVXODGHFRQILFWRTXH OLPLWDWDO DSOLFDFLyQD TXHQR VHDXPHQWHQ

QLGLVPLQX\DQORVGHUHFKRV \REOLJDFLRQHVHVWDEOHFLGRVHQORVDFXHUGRV

DEDUFDGRVWHVLVHVWD~OWLPDTXHFRQIUPDODMXULVSUXGHQFLDGHORVyUJD

QRVUHVROXWRULRVGHOD20&

 -3$8:(/<1©7KH$SSOLFDWLRQRI1RQ:725XOHVRI,QWHUQDWLRQDO/DZLQ:72'LVSXWH

6HWWOHPHQWª3)-0$&525<$($33/(721\0*3/800(5The World Trade Organization:

Legal, Economic and Political Analysis, 1HZ<RUN6SULQJHUS-3$8:(/<1Conf‌l ict

of Norms...,op. cit.S

 3ULQFLSLRVTXH OOHYDQD GLVWLQJXLUHQWUH REOLJDFLRQHVSRVLWLYDV UHVROYHUGH IRUPDFRP

SDWLEOHFRQ ORV DFXHUGRV DEDUFDGRV SUHVHUYDU GHUHFKRV \REOLJDFLRQHV PDQWHQHU XQ HTXLOLEULR

DGHFXDGR²DUWV \ GHO(6'² \REOLJDFLRQHVQHJDWLYDV QRDQXODU ODVYHQWDMDV UH

VXOWDQWHVQRREVWDFXOL]DUODFRQVHFXFLyQ GHORVREMHWLYRV\QR DXPHQWDURUHGXFLUORVGHUHFKRV \

REOLJDFLRQHV²DUWV\GHO(6'²

 3=$3$7(52 0,*8(/ Derecho del comercio global, 0DGULG 7KRPVRQ&LYLWDV 

SS

IbidS0(1*2==,WUDVGHIHQGHUODLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHQRUPDVH[WHUQDVD OD20&HQOD

VROXFLyQGHGLIHUHQFLDV DIUPDTXH WDOHV QRUPDV VyORVHUiQ DSOLFDGDV HQ WDQWRHQ FXDQWR ©VHDQ

FRPSDWLEOHVFRQODYROXQWDGREMHWLYD GHODV3DUWHV&RQWUDWDQWHVWDO\ FRPRVHH[SUHVDHQHO WH[WR

GHO$FXHUGR\GHDFXHUGRFRQORVREMHWLYRV TXHLQHTXtYRFDPHQWHWDOYROXQWDGREMHWLYDSUHWHQGD

ORJUDU&XDQGRHVWD FRPSDWLELOLGDGQR H[LVWD VHUtDFRQWUDULR DOHIHFWR ~WLOGHO 'HUHFKRFRQYHQ

FLRQDOª30(1*2==,©7KHSUHVHQWVWDWHRIUHVHDUFKFDUULHGRXWE\WKH(QJOLVKVSHDNLQJ6HFWLRQRI

WKH&HQWUHIRU6WXGLHVDQG5HVHDUFKª&HQWUHGpWXGHHWGH UHFKHUFKHGHGURLW LQWHUQDWLRQDOHWGHV

UHODWLRQVLQWHUQDWLRQDOV$FDGpPLHGHGURLWLQWHUQDWLRQDOGH/D+D\H L´Organisation Mondiale du

commerce, 7KH+DJXH0DUWLQXV1LMKRII3XEOLVKHUVS

 /%$57(/6op. cit.SS %$57(/6DSXQWD WDPELpQHOOtPLWH GHULYDGRGH ODMXULV

GLFFLyQOLPLWDGDGHORVSDQHOHV7DPELpQ0$5&($8DIUPDTXHORVDUWV\GHO(6'RSHUDQ

FRPROtPLWHGHODVGHFLVLRQHVDODVTXHSXHGHQOOHJDUORVSDQHOHV*0$5&($8op. citSS



 (OÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQ\ORV*UXSRV(VSHFLDOHV©QRGHEHQDXPHQWDUQLGLVPLQXLUORVGH

UHFKRV\REOLJDFLRQHVSUHYLVWRVHQHO$FXHUGRVREUHOD20&ªÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQIndia-Patentes

op. cit.,DSDUWDGR9(VWDSURKLELFLyQDSOLFDGDDODUHODFLyQFRQRWURVWUDWDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVKDOOH

YDGRDTXHVHGHFODUHTXHHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGH©DFXHUGRVELODWHUDOHVQRSXHGHLPSRQHUVHSRUFRQGXFWR

GHO(6'ªDecisión de los Árbitros, Comunidades Europeas-Medidas que afectan a la carne y los

productos cárnicos (hormonas) (CE-hormonas), Recurso de las Comunidades Europeas al arbitraje

previsto en el párr. 6 del art. 22 del ESD:7'6$5%GHMXOLRGHSiUU

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

8QHOHPHQWR FODYHHQHVWD GLVFXVLyQ HVHODUWc) GHOD&9'7

VHDSXQWyTXHHODUWGHO(6'DIUPDTXHHOVLVWHPDGHVROXFLyQGH

GLIHUHQFLDVVLUYHSDUD DFODUDU ODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVGHORV$FXHUGRVGHFRQ

IRUPLGDGFRQODVQRUPDVXVXDOHVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ(QDSOLFDFLyQGHHVWD

QRUPD©ORVyUJDQRVUHVROXWRULRVGHOD20&GHEHQWHQHUHQFXHQWDRWUDV

QRUPDVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV WDQWR SULPDULDV FRPR VHFXQGDULDV SDUD GHWHU

PLQDUHOVHQWLGRGHORVDFXHUGRVDEDUFDGRVª/DUHPLVLyQDODVQRUPDV

XVXDOHVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ HYLGHQFLDOD YROXQWDGGHDQFODUHOUpJLPHQGH

OD20&HQHOVLVWHPDMXUtGLFRJHQHUDOGHO'HUHFKR LQWHUQDFLRQDO6LQ

HPEDUJRODUHOHYDQFLDTXHHODUWGHO(6'RWRUJDDO'HUHFKRLQWHUQD

FLRQDOS~EOLFRHVDORVHIHFWRVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ\pVWDHVSUHFLVDPHQWHOD

IQDOLGDGTXHDTXtVHOHRWRUJD(ODUWc)VHUiGHDSOLFDFLyQHQFDVR

GHIDOWD GH FODULGDG R DPELJHGDG GH XQD GHWHUPLQDGD QRUPD FXDQGR

XQWpUPLQRWLHQHXQVLJQLIFDGRFRQFUHWRHQHO'HUHFKRFRQVXHWXGLQDULR

RFXDQGRORVWpUPLQRVVHDQDELHUWRV\SUHFLVHQGHSRVWHULRUUHIHUHQFLDD

RWUDVQRUPDV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV SDUD VX FRQFUHFLyQ ([WUHPRV FRPR VH

GLMRIUHFXHQWHVHQHO$'3,&

'HDSOLFDUVHFRUUHFWDPHQWHODVQRUPDVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGLItFLOPHQ

WHVHHVWDUiQDxDGLHQGRRVXSULPLHQGRGHUHFKRVSXHVWRTXHODLQWHUSUH

WDFLyQ QR DJUHJD QL TXLWD QDGDDO LQVWUXPHQWR LQWHUSUHWDGR VLQR TXH

DQDOL]D VX VHQWLGRPHGLDQWH XQD WpFQLFDMXUtGLFD DSUREDGDHQHO(6'

TXHWLHQHHQFXHQWDVXHQWRUQRQRUPDWLYR3RUHOORHVLQIXQGDGRHOWH

PRUDEXVFDUDWUDYpVGHODLQWHJUDFLyQVLVWpPLFDHOVHQWLGRDGHFXDGRD

ODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVGHO$'3,&VREUHODVTXHH[LVWHQLQWHUSUHWDFLRQHVGLV

SDUHV$VtVHKDUHFRQRFLGRHQHOPDUFRGHODVROXFLyQGHGLIHUHQFLDVGH

OD20&HQHOTXHUHFLHQWHPHQWHXQ*UXSR(VSHFLDOLQGLFyTXHVLELHQ

QRSUHVFULEHXQUHVXOWDGRGHWHUPLQDGRFXDQGRDSOLFDQGRHODUWGHO

&9'7UHVXOWHQGLYHUVDV LQWHUSUHWDFLRQHV HOLQWpUSUHWH GHEHUi HVFRJHU

DTXHOOD ©TXH VHD PiVDFRUGH FRQ RWUDV QRUPDV DSOLFDEOHVGH'HUHFKR

LQWHUQDFLRQDOª

 ;)(51È1'(=3216op. citS

 30(1*2==,©7KH3UHVHQW6WDWHRI5HVHDUFKªop. cit.S6HJ~QHO'LUHFWRU*HQHUDO

GHOD20&DOUHFXUULUDORVSULQFLSLRVJHQHUDOHVGH'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDODORVIQHVGHLQWHUSUHWD

FLyQHOÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQFRQIUPDTXHOD20&IXQFLRQDHQHOVHQRGHORUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFR

LQWHUQDFLRQDO3/$0<©7KHSODFHRIWKH:72DQGLWV/DZLQWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO/HJDO2UGHUªThe

European Journal of International LawYROQ~PS

 ')5 (1&+ ©7UHDW\, QWHUSUH WDWLRQ DQGWK H,QFR USRUDWLR QRI ([WUDQH RXV/HJ DO5XO HVª

Internat ional and Co maparative L aw Quarterly YRO $SULO SS  (QH OPLV

PR VHQWLG R & 0&/$& +/$1 ©7K H SULQFL SOH RI V\ VWHPLF L QWHJUDW LRQ DQG DU WLFOH  F R I

WKH9LHQQD&RQYHQWLRQªInternatio nal and Comp arative Law Quarterly, YRO$SULO

S

 &RPLVLyQGH'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOFragmentación del Derecho Internacional: dif‌i culta-

des derivadas de la diversif‌i cación y expansión del derecho internacional, Informe del Grupo de

Estudio de la Comisión de Derecho Internacional,GHDEULOGH$&1/S

 3DQHO 5HSRUW European Communities-Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing

of Biotech Products (EC-Biotech), GHQRYLHPEUHGH :7'65:7'65:7

'65SiUU

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

E La invocación del Derecho internacional general

y otras normas de Derecho internacional a los efectos

de interpretación del ADPIC

&RPRDSXQWDOD&RPLVLyQGH'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDO©QRKD\UD]RQHV

GHSULQFLSLRSDUDDSDUWDUVHGHODRSLQLyQGHTXHHO'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO

JHQHUDOFRPSOHPHQWDHO GHUHFKR GH OD 20& D PHQRV TXH VH OR KD\D

H[FOXLGRHVSHFtIFDPHQWHª /D MXULVSUXGHQFLD GH OD20&HVFODUDHQ

HVWHVHQWLGR \VLJXLHQGR ODMXULVSUXGHQFLD LQWHUQDFLRQDO PiVUHOHYDQWH

KDDIUPDGR TXHHO'HUHFKR LQWHUQDFLRQDO FRQVXHWXGLQDULRVHDSOLFD HQ

IRUPDJHQHUDOD ODVUHODFLRQHVHFRQyPLFDVHQWUHORV 0LHPEURVHQWDQWR

ORV$FXHUGRVGHOD20&QRVH©DSDUWHQªGHpO(VWDLQYRFDFLyQGHO'H

UHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOFRQVXHWXGLQDULRHVLPSRUWDQWHSRUTXH FRQIUPDTXH

HQHO iPELWR GH OD20&QRVRQ H[FOXVLYDPHQWH DSOLFDEOHV ODVQRUPDV

FRQVXHWXGLQDULDVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHORVWUDWDGRVVLQRHOGHUHFKRLQWHU

QDFLRQDOJHQHUDOHQVXFRQMXQWR(OSURSLRÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQVHxD

OyDOLQWHUSUHWDUHODUW;;GHO*$77TXHODFOiXVXODJHQHUDOGHOPLVPR

HVXQD©H[SUHVLyQGHOSULQFLSLRGH EXHQDIHª\ TXHpVWHHVXQSULQFLSLR

JHQHUDOGH'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO©RPQLSUHVHQWHª,QYRFDQGRH[SUHVD

PHQWHHODUWc)HOÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQDIUPyTXHVXWDUHDHVODGH

LQWHUSUHWDUUHFXUULHQGR GH VHU DSURSLDGR DORVSULQFLSLRVJHQHUDOHV GH

'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO

/RVSULQFLSLRVJHQHUDOHVGHO'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOVHLQWHJUDQHQ

HO'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOJHQHUDO\KDQVLGRHQODV GLYHUVDVDFHSFLR

QHV DQWHV LQWURGXFLGDV DSOLFDGRV SRU ORV yUJDQRV UHVROXWRULRV GHOD

20& 5H WRPDQGR OD  WLSRORJtD  SUHVHQWD GD HQWUH O RV SULQFLS LRV GHO

'HUHFKRDSOLFDGRVSRUORV*UXSRV(VSHFLDOHVRSRUHOÏUJDQRGH$SH

ODFLyQ  SXHGH FLW DUVH HO ©S ULQFLSLR  GH OD FRPS HWHQFLD G H OD FRPSH 

WHQFLDªHOSULQFLSLRjura novit curia,HOSULQFLSLRTXHDSXQWDTXH

OD FDUJD  GH OD SUXH ED FRUUH VSRQGH D T XLHQ DIUPD  XQD GHWHU PLQDGD

 &RPLVLyQGH'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOop. citSSWDPELpQ -3$8:(/<1Conf‌l ict

of..., S

Corea-Contratación pública, op. cit. SiUU

 0iVDOOiGHTXHPHQFLRQDUD VyORHO'HUHFKRFRQVXHWXGLQDULR-3$8:(/<1Conf‌l ict of...,

op. cit.S

 &RQUHVSHFWRDOSULQFLSLRGH EXHQDIHFRPRSULQFLSLRJHQHUDOvid ÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQ

Estados Unidos-Trato f‌i scal a las empresas de ventas en el extranjero'RF:7'6$%5

GHIHEUHURGHSiUU

Estados Unidos-Camarones, op. cit,SiUU 

 ©6HJ~QXQDUHJODXQLYHUVDOPHQWHDFHSWDGDXQWULEXQDO LQWHUQDFLRQDOSXHGHFRQVLGHUDUGH

RIFLRODFXHVWLyQGHVXSURSLDFRPSHWHQFLDªÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQEstados Unidos-Ley antidum-

ping de 1916,'RF:7'6$%5GHDJRVWRGHSiUUQRWD

 8Q*UXSR(VSHFLDOSXHGH©XWLOL]DUOLEUHPHQWHORVDUJXPHQWRVSUHVHQWDGRVSRU FXDOTXLHUD

GHODVSDUWHV RGHVDUUROODU VXSURSLR UD]RQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFR SDUDDSR\DUVXV SURSLDVRSLQLRQHV \

FRQFOXVLRQHVVREUHHODVXQWRVRPHWLGRDVXFRQVLGHUDFLyQª ÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQCE-hormonas,

op. cit.SiUUWDPELpQHQÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQComunidades Europeas-Condiciones para la

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

UHFODPDFLyQ \HOSULQFLSLRGHFRVDMX]JDGD (QWUHORVHMHPSORVGH

LQYRFDFLyQ GH SULQFLSLRVMXUtGLFRV GH LQWHUSUHWDFLyQFDEH VHxDODU OD

LQYRFDFLyQ GHORV SULQFLSLRV ut res magis valeat quam pereat,lex

specialisH in dubio pro minius HQHOiPELWR GHODVROXFLyQGHGL

IHUHQFLDVGHOD20&

(QFXDQWRDODQXHYDGLPHQVLyQGHORVSULQFLSLRVGHO'HUHFKRLQWHU

QDFLRQDOHOSULQFLSLRGHSURWHFFLyQGHODGLJQLGDGKXPDQDHV XQSULQFL

SLRGH'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOJHQHUDOTXHDVXYH]KDVLGRFRGLIFDGRHQ

WUDWDGRVGHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVHVGHFLU©IRUPDVSHUWLQHQWHVGH'HUHFKR

LQWHUQDFLRQDODSOLFDEOHVDODUHODFLyQHQWUHODVSDUWHVª<DVHDSXQWyTXH

GLYHUVRVyUJDQRVMXULVGLFFLRQDOHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVKDQUHFXUULGRDORVGH

UHFKRVKXPDQRVHQ WDQWR GHULYDGRVGH SULQFLSLRVJHQHUDOHVGH'HUHFKR

LQWHUQDFLRQDOPLHQWUDVTXHHOSURSLRÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQDIUPDEXVFDU

©RULHQWDFLyQDGLFLRQDOFRQIQHVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQFXDQGRSURFHGLHUDHQ

ORVSULQFLSLRVJHQHUDOHVGHO'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOª'HKHFKRHOSULQFL

SLRGHSURWHFFLyQGHODGLJQLGDGKXPDQD\VXWUDVODFLyQHQIRUPDGHSUR

WHFFLyQGHODVDOXGVHKDLQWURGXFLGRHQHOSURSLRUpJLPHQGHOD20&SRU

ORTXHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQIDYRUDEOHDODVDOXGSXHGHGHGXFLUVHWDPELpQGHO

SURSLRDUWLFXODGRGHO$'3,&\GHDFXHUGRVVXEVLJXLHQWHVFRPROD'HFOD

UDFLyQGH'RKDDORTXHFRQWULEXLUiHVSHFLDOPHQWHWHQHUHQFXHQWDHVWD

FRQVLGHUDFLyQGHSULQFLSLRJHQHUDOGHO'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO

1RVRODPHQWHHO'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOJHQHUDOVLQRWDPELpQRWUDVQRU

PDVGH'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOVRQUHOHYDQWHVDODKRUDGHLQWHUSUHWDUORV

concesión de preferencias arancelarias a los países en desarrollo, 'RF:7'6$%5GH

DEULOGHSiUU

 ÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQEstados Unidos-Medida que afecta a la importación de camisas y

blusas de tejidos de lana procedentes de al India, 'RF:7'6$%5GHDEULOGHS

 /RV LQIRUPHV GHO ÏUJDQR GH $SHODFLyQ ©GHEHQ VHU FRQVLGHUDGRV SRU ODV SDUWHV HQ XQD

GLIHUHQFLDFRQFUHWD FRPR ODUHVROXFLyQ GHIQLWLYD GHHOODª Estados Unidos-camarones, op. cit.

Recurso de Malasia al párr. 5 del art. 21 del ESD,GHRFWXEUHGHSiUU

 (OÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQVRVWXYRTXHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHXQDGLVSRVLFLyQQRSXHGHUHVXOWDU

HQXQDOHFWXUD TXHUHGX]FDSDUWHVGHO WUDWDGRDOD LQXWLOLGDGÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQ Estados Uni-

dos-Gasolinaop. cit. Svid WDPELpQÏUJDQR GH$SHODFLyQ Japón-Bebidas Alcohólicas II

op. cit.S

 4XH VL ELHQ SDUHFH TXH GHVHPSHxD XQ SDSHO OLPLWDGR FRPR PHFDQLVPR VXEVLGLDULR GH

VROXFLyQGHGLIHUHQFLDV&RPLVLyQGH'HUHFKR ,QWHUQDFLRQDOFragmentaciónop. cit. SKD

VLGRLQYRFDGR SRUORV *UXSRV (VSHFLDOHV\ HO ÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQ VidTurquía-Restricciones

aplicadas a las importaciones de productos textiles y prendas de vestir :72'65 GH

PD\RGHSiUUVDIndonesia-Determinadas medidas que afectan a la industria del

automóvil GH MXOLRGH :7'6 :7'65:7'65 :7'65 SiUU

DVidWDPELpQDUW(6'

 (VGHFLUHVFRJHU ODVROXFLyQPHQRV JUDYRVDSDUDODSDUWH TXHDVXPHOD REOLJDFLyQCE-

Hormonasop. cit SiUUVidWDPELpQ -&$0(521 \. *5$<©3ULQFLSOHV RI,QWHUQDWLRQDO

/DZ LQ WKH :72 'LVSXWH 6HWWOHPHQW %RG\ª International and Comparative Law Quarterly,

YRO$SULOSDUWS

Estados Unidos-Camarones, op. cit.SiUU

 ;6(8%$+(51È1'(=©3DWHQWHVIDUPDFpXWLFDV\GHUHFKRDODVDOXGODDUPRQL]DFLyQSRVL

EOHªRevista Europea de Derechos Fundamentales,Q~PSS

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

DFXHUGRVDEDUFDGRV/DUHPLVLyQGHODUWGHO(6'D ODVQRUPDVFRQ

VXHWXGLQDULDVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ\FRQHOORDODUWc)KDOOHYDGRDORV

yUJDQRVUHVROXWRULRVGHOD20&DLQYRFDUWH[WRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVIXHUDGHO

PDUFRGHOD20&8QFDVRSDUDGLJPiWLFRHVHOGHODUHPLVLyQDQXPH

URVRVLQVWUXPHQWRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVSDUDDFODUDUHOVLJQLIFDGRGHOWpUPLQR

©UHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHVDJRWDEOHVªTXH DSDUHFHHQ HO SiUUDIRg) GHODUW;;

GHO*$77'HVSXpVGHDIUPDUTXH©XQLQVWUXPHQWRGHEHVHULQWHUSUHWDGR

\DSOLFDGRHQHOPDUFRGHODWRWDOLGDGGHOVLVWHPDMXUtGLFRYLJHQWHHQHO

PRPHQWRGH OD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQª SDUD MXVWLIFDUTXH WRGRV ORV UHFXUVRV

QDWXUDOHVH[WLQJXLEOHVYLYRV\QRYLYRVVHLQFRUSRUDQGHQWURGHOWpUPL

QR©UHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHVDJRWDEOHVªHOÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQVH UHPLWLyDO

DUWGHOD &RQYHQFLyQGH1DFLRQHV8QLGDVVREUH'HUHFKRGHO0DUD

OD'HFODUDFLyQGH5LR\DOD$JHQGDDO&RQYHQLRVREUHOD'LYHUVLGDG

%LROyJLFDDODUHVROXFLyQVREUHDVLVWHQFLDDORVSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROORDGRS

WDGDHQFRQMXQFLyQFRQOD&RQYHQFLyQVREUHOD&RQVHUYDFLyQGH(VSHFLHV

0LJUDWRULDVGH$QLPDOHV6DOYDMHV\DO&RQYHQLR&,7(6

/RVHIHFWRVVREUHODVSROtWLFDVVDQLWDULDV\HODFFHVRDORVIiUPDFRVGH

GLYHUVDVGLVSRVLFLRQHVGHO$'3,&\ODVUHIHUHQFLDVHQHO$FXHUGR\HQ

OD'HFODUDFLyQGH'RKDDODVPHGLGDV©QHFHVDULDVSDUDSURWHJHUODVDOXG

S~EOLFDª©ODPRUDOªORV©LQWHUHVHVGHORVXVXDULRVª\©HOGHUHFKRGHORV

0LHPEURVGHSURWHJHUOD VDOXGS~EOLFD \HQSDUWLFXODUGHSURPRYHU HO

DFFHVRD ORV PHGLFDPHQWRVSDUDWRGRVª KDFHQ SUHFLVRUHFXUULUD WH[WRV

GLVWLQWRVDORV©DFXHUGRV DEDUFDGRVª D IQGH LQWHUSUHWDU HO$'3,& HQ

DTXHOORVSXQWRVTXHSHUPDQHFHQFRQWURYHUWLGRV(O'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLR

QDOGHORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV\SDUWLFXODUPHQWHHOGHUHFKRDODVDOXG\

HO'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHODVDOXGFRPRUpJLPHQTXHLOXVWUDPHMRUOD

UHFHSFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHODVDOXGKXPDQDFRPRELHQMXUtGLFR DSURWH

JHUVRQUHIHUHQWHV~WLOHVSDUDDFODUDUHO$'3,&1RFLRQHVIXQGDPHQWDOHV

\GLUHFWDPHQWHDIHFWDGDVSRUHO$'3,&FRPRODGHO©FRQWHQLGREiVLFRª

GHORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV ODSURSLD QRFLyQGH VDOXGUHFRJLGDHQHOWUD

WDGR IXQGDFLRQDO GH OD 206 OD QRFLyQ GH VDOXG S~EOLFD HO FRQFHSWR

GHPHGLFDPHQWRVHVHQFLDOHV\GHSROtWLFDVIDUPDFpXWLFDVSXHGHQVHUYLU

SDUDLQWHUSUHWDUHO$'3,&HQHOFRQWH[WRGHODUHDOLGDGTXHUHJXOD\ORV

SURGXFWRVVREUH ORV TXH LQFLGH$VLPLVPR OD LQYRFDFLyQ SRUSDUWHGHO

ÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQGH LQVWUXPHQWRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV TXHQR VRQWUDWD

GRVDEUHODSXHUWDDWHQHUHQFXHQWDUHVROXFLRQHVGHOD$VDPEOHD0XQGLDO

GHOD6DOXGHQODVTXHGHIRUPDUHLWHUDGDVHDOXGHDODUHODFLyQHQWUHORV

GHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO\ODVDOXG

 (OOR QR REVWDQWH HQ GLFKDV UHPLVLRQHV VH KDQ UHDOL]DGR SRFDV UHIHUHQFLDV H[SUHVDV DO

DUWc) Estados Unidos-Camarones, op. cit SiUU QRWD  EC-Biotech op. cit.

SiUUUnited States-Section 110(5) of the US Copyright Act:7'65 GH MXQLR GH

SiUU

Estados Unidos-Camarones, op. citSiUUQRWD

 (OORQR VHUtDH[WUDxR GH FRQVLGHUDURWUD MXULVSUXGHQFLDLQWHUQDFLRQDO$Vt HO7('+ HQ

HODVXQWR Loizidou LQYRFy HO DUWc) SDUDWHQHU HQ FXHQWD GRV UHVROXFLRQHV GHO&RQVHMR GH

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

 /$3$7(17$%,/,'$'(1(/$'3,&<685(/$&,Ï1

&21/26)È50$&26

A. Exclusiones a la patentabilidad y requisitos de patentabilidad

(O DUWGHO $'3,& SHUPLWH QRSDWHQWDU FXDOTXLHU LQYHQFLyQ

FX\D FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQSRQJD HQ SHOLJURODPRUDOLGDG RHORUGHQ S~

EOLFR©LQFOXVLYHODVDOXGª6HWUDWDGHFRQFHSWRVGLIXVRVTXHFRQRFHQ

GLYHUVDVDFHSFLRQHV HQ GLVWLQWRVSDtVHVHQHVWUHFKDUHODFLyQFRQORV

YDORUHVLPSHUDQWHVHQORVPLVPRV/DUHIHUHQFLDDODPRUDOSRUHMHP

SORHVIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDDVHJXUDUTXHODFRQFHVLyQGHSDWHQWHVVREUH

JHQHV \VHFXHQFLDVGH$'1QR FRQWUDGLFHORVYDORUHV SURSLRVGHORV

0LHPEURVGH OD 20&(QFXDOTXLHU FDVRODV H[FOXVLRQHV GH SDWHQ

WDELOLGDGGHSHQGHQGH TXHVHDODH[SORWDFLyQFRPHUFLDOGH ODSDWHQWH

ORTXH GHEHH[FOXLUVH SRUORTXH QR HV XQ UHFXUVR TXHSHUPLWDSRU

HMHPSORLQWURGXFLU XQ IiUPDFRHQHOPHUFDGRVLQFRQFHGHUDVX YH]

ODSDWHQWH

(ODUWa)SHUPLWHLPSHGLUODSDWHQWDELOLGDGGHORVPpWRGRVGHGLDJ

QyVWLFRWHUDSpXWLFRV\TXLU~UJLFRVH[FOXVLyQHVSHFLDOPHQWH LQWHUHVDQWH

GHVGHHOSXQWRGH YLVWDGHODVDOXGS~EOLFD\TXHFRQUHVSHFWRDFLHUWDV

VROLFLWXGHVSXHGH FRQVLGHUDUVH UHGXQGDQWH GDGD OD IDOWD GH DSOLFDFLyQ

LQGXVWULDOGHORVPLVPDV(ODUWa)HVXQRGHORVFDXFHVSDUDLPSHGLU

ODSDWHQWDELOLGDGGHQXHYRVXVRVGHIiUPDFRVFRQRFLGRVTXHQRVRQPiV

TXHXQ QXHYR PpWRGR WHUDSpXWLFR TXH XWLOL]D KHUUDPLHQWDV \D FRQRFL

GDV3RURWURODGRHODUWb)DXWRUL]DQRSDWHQWDUSODQWDVDQLPDOHV\

SURFHGLPLHQWRVHVHQFLDOPHQWHELROyJLFRV SDUDOD SURGXFFLyQGH SODQWDV

RDQLPDOHV(QHVWHVHQWLGR\FRQUHVSHFWRDODSDWHQWHGHPLFURRUJDQLV

PRVTXH Vt VHSHUPLWHORV 0LHPEURV SXHGHQH[FOXLUOD SDWHQWDELOLGDG

GHODV VXVWDQFLDVTXH VHHQFXHQWUHQHQ ODQDWXUDOH]DTXH OyJLFDPHQWH

QRKDQVLGR©LQYHQWDGDVª$VtSRUHMHPSORXQFDXFHSDUDFXPSOLUFRQ

HODUWb) HV SHUPLWLU OD SDWHQWH GH DTXHOORV PLFURRUJDQLVPRVTXH

KDQVLGRPRGLIFDGRVJHQpWLFDPHQWHH[FOX\HQGRWRGDRWUDSDWHQWHVREUH

PLFURRUJDQLVPRV

/RVFULWHULRVGHSDWHQWDELOLGDGUHFRJLGRVHQHO$'3,&FRQRFHQLQWHU

SUHWDFLRQHVGLVSDUHVHQORVGLYHUVRVSDtVHV 0LHPEURVSRUORTXHDO QR

HVWDUGHIQLGRVQLHQHO$'3,&QLUHPLWLUVHpVWHDQLQJ~QRWURDFXHUGRTXH

ORVGHIQDSXHGHQPRGXODUVHVHJ~QODIXQFLyQDWULEXLGDDOUpJLPHQGHOD

6HJXULGDGGH ODV1DFLRQHV 8QLGDVGHFLVLRQHV GHO &RPLWpGH 0LQLVWURVGHO &RQVHMR GH(XURSD

OD&RPXQLGDG (XURSHD \ -HIHV GH (VWDGR GH OD &RPPRQZHDOWK Loizidou Y Turkey 6ROLFLWXG

SiUU

 81&7$',&76'op. cit.S& &255($Integrando la Salud Pública en la Legis-

lación sobre Patentes de los Países en Desarrollo *LQHEUD6RXWK &HQWUH SS (Q

RUGHQDPLHQWRVFRPRHOHXURSHRVLQHPEDUJRHOPHURKHFKRGHDLVODUHOPLFURRUJDQLVPRSHUPLWH

VROLFLWDUXQDSDWHQWH

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO6HJXUDPHQWH©GHWHUPLQDUODOtQHDGLYLVRULDHQWUH

ODVPDWHULDVTXHGHEHQFRQVLGHUDUVHLQYHQFLRQHV\HQFRQVHFXHQFLDSD

WHQWDEOHV\DTXHOODVTXHGHEHQSHUPDQHFHUHQHOGRPLQLRS~EOLFRªHVOD

SULQFLSDOIH[LELOLGDGGHO$'3,&SRURWURODGRHQDEVROXWRQRYHGRVD

(OUHTXLVLWRGHODQRYHGDGUHPLWHDOHVWDGRGHODWpFQLFDHVGHFLUDVL

ODLQYHQFLyQVXSRQHXQDYDQFHFRQUHVSHFWRDOPLVPR\VHH[DPLQDDQWHV

GHHYDOXDUODDOWXUDLQYHQWLYD3DUDFXPSOLUFRQHOPLVPRODLQIRUPDFLyQ

QRGHEHKDEHUVHGLYXOJDGRSRUQLQJ~QPHGLRDQWHVGHVROLFLWDUODSDWHQWH

6LQHPEDUJRXQDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQUHVWULFWLYDGHOFULWHULRGHQRYHGDGIDFL

OLWDODFRQFHVLyQGHSDWHQWHV SRUHMHPSOR DOH[LJLU ODGLYXOJDFLyQ GHOD

LQYHQFLyQHQXQD~QLFDSXEOLFDFLyQQREDVWDQGRSDUDH[FOXLUODQRYHGDG

ODFRPELQDFLyQGHGLYHUVDVIXHQWHV2WURGHORVPHFDQLVPRVSDUDFUHDU

XQDQRYHGDGDUWLIFLRVDHVODH[FOXVLyQGHIXHQWHVGHLQIRUPDFLyQH[WUDQ

MHUDVTXHQRVHDQSXEOLFDFLRQHVFLHQWtIFDVFDXFHTXHKDVLGRHPSOHDGR

SRUHMHPSORSDUDFRQFHGHUSDWHQWHVVREUH FRQRFLPLHQWRV WUDGLFLRQDOHV

RULJLQDULRVHQVXPD\RUtDGHSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROOR

1LQJXQDGLVSRVLFLyQGHO$'3,&REOLJDDSURWHJHUSULPHUDVRVHJXQ

GDVLQGLFDFLRQHVQXHYRVXVRVGHSURGXFWRV\DFRQRFLGRVVyORLQYHQFLR

QHVGHSURGXFWRVRSURFHGLPLHQWRV(QHOSULPHUFDVRORTXHVHSUHWHQGH

HVSDWHQWDUODSULPHUDLQGLFDFLyQWHUDSpXWLFDGHXQSURGXFWR\DFRQRFLGR

HVGHFLUSURWHJHUXQXVRGHWHUPLQDGRDOPDUJHQGHTXHODLQYHQFLyQQR

FXPSODFRQ HOUHTXLVLWR GH ODQRYHGDG 6L ELHQVH WUDWDGHXQD SUiFWLFD

SHUPLWLGDHQGHWHUPLQDGDVOHJLVODFLRQHVORV0LHPEURVGHOD20&QR

WLHQHQSRUTXpLQWHJUDUODHQVX OHJLVODFLyQ2WUDSUiFWLFDH[FOXLEOHHVOD

GHQRPLQDGDSDWHQWHPHGLDQWHOD©IyUPXODVXL]Dª6HWUDWDGHXQDIFFLyQ

OHJDOTXHSHUPLWHSDWHQWDUHOPLVPRFRPSXHVWRSDUDLQGLFDFLRQHVGLVWLQ

WDV$GLIHUHQFLDGHODPHQFLRQDGDSDWHQWHVREUHXQXVRHQHVWHFDVRXQD

VHJXQGDLQGLFDFLyQ UHLYLQGLFDHO XVR GHXQ FRPSXHVWR SDUDOD SUHSDUD

FLyQGHXQIiUPDFRTXHHVHOPLVPRTXHHOXWLOL]DGRSDUDODSULPHUDLQGL

FDFLyQ6HWUDWDHQYHUGDGGHXQDSDWHQWHGHSURFHGLPLHQWRSXHVWRTXH

ORTXHVH UHLYLQGLFDHVXQSURFHGLPLHQWRSDUD IDEULFDUXQPHGLFDPHQWR

FRQXQDGHWHUPLQDGDDSOLFDFLyQWHUDSpXWLFD(VWD IFFLyQOHJDOSHUVLJXH

VRUWHDUHOUHTXLVLWRGHQRYHGDG\ODSRVLELOLGDGGHH[FOXLUORVPpWRGRVWH

UDSpXWLFRVTXHSHUPLWHHO$'3,&(QFRQVHFXHQFLD\WHQLHQGRHQFXHQWD

TXHODVSDWHQWHVQRSURWHJHQXVRVVLQRSURGXFWRVRSURFHGLPLHQWRV\TXH

WDPSRFRSURWHJHQGHVFXEULPLHQWRVVLQRLQYHQFLRQHVORV0LHPEURVGHOD

20&SXHGHQGHVFDUWDUODDSOLFDFLyQGHHVWDIFFLyQ

 81&7$',&76'op. cit.S

 &&255($Propiedad Intelectual y Salud Pública%XHQRV$LUHV/D/H\S

IbidS

VidSRUHMHPSORHODUWGHO&RQYHQLRVREUHOD3DWHQWH(XURSHD

Vid.&&255($©3DWHQWDPLHQWR GHOD VHJXQGDLQGLFDFLyQ IDUPDFpXWLFDªRevista Jurídi-

ca La LeyQ~PSS6HJ~Q OD&RPLVLyQ VREUH 'HUHFKRVGH OD3URSLHGDG

,QWHOHFWXDOGHO 5HLQR8QLGROD PD\RUtDGH SDtVHVHQ GHVDUUROOR©GHEHUtDQ URWXQGDPHQWHH[FOXLU

ODSRVLELOLGDGGHSDWHQWDUPpWRGRV GHGLDJQyVWLFRWHUDSpXWLFRVRTXLU~UJLFRV LQFOX\HQGRQXHYRV

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

3RURWUR ODGR HOUHTXLVLWRGH DOWXUDLQYHQWLYDHV HVSHFLDOPHQWH LP

SRUWDQWHSDUD LPSHGLUSDWHQWHVVREUH GHVDUUROORVWULYLDOHVVLHQGR DFRQ

VHMDEOHTXHODPLVPD VHHYDO~H HQIXQFLyQ GHOHIHFWRLQHVSHUDGRRVRU

SUHQGHQWHGHOD LQYHQFLyQ$VtDSHVDUGHFXPSOLU FRQHO UHTXLVLWRGH

QRYHGDGXQSURGXFWRQRHVSDWHQWDEOHSRUQRFXPSOLUFRQHOUHTXLVLWRGH

DOWXUDLQYHQWLYDFXDQGRXQDSHUVRQDYHUVDGDHQHOiPELWRGHTXHVHWUDWH

SXHGDGHGXFLUORGHIRUPDHYLGHQWHGHOHVWDGRGHODWpFQLFD6HWUDWDSRU

WDQWRGHXQ UHTXLVLWR FXDOLWDWLYR TXH UHTXLHUH XQ DYDQFH VLJQLIFDWLYR

VREUHHOHVWDGRGHODWpFQLFDEDVDGRHQODDFWLYLGDGLQWHOHFWXDO6LELHQOD

LQGXVWULDTXHEDVDVXDFWLYLGDGHQODSURWHFFLyQPHGLDQWHSDWHQWHDIUPD

TXHHO$'3,&REOLJDDSURWHJHUOD©LQQRYDFLyQDGDSWLYDªORFLHUWRHV

TXHHO$'3,&VLPSOHPHQWHPHQFLRQDHOUHTXLVLWRGHDOWXUDLQYHQWLYD\

TXHSXHGHFRQVLGHUDUVHVLQyQLPRGH©QRHYLGHQWHª&RQVHFXHQWHPHQWH

VHWUDWDGHXQUHTXLVLWRVREUHHOFXDOORV(VWDGRVSXHGHQLQFLGLUH[LJLHQGR

XQDDOWXUDLQYHQWLYDTXHHTXLYDOJDDDXWpQWLFDLQQRYDFLyQ$VLPLVPROD

DOWXUDLQYHQWLYD UHVXOWDUi UHOHYDQWH SDUD UHVWULQJLU OD SDWHQWDELOLGDG GH

VXVWDQFLDVH[LVWHQWHV HQ QDWXUDOH]D SRU PiV TXH ODV PLVPDV VHKD\DQ

DLVODGR\SXULIFDGR

7DPELpQ HO UHTXLVLWRGHDSOLFDFLyQ LQGXVWULDOSHUPLWHXQ PDUJHQ

GH IH[LELOLGDGTXH SXHGH HPSOHDUVHSDUD SURWHJHUOD VDOXG S~EOLFD

/DDSOLFDFLyQLQGXVWULDO FRQWH[WXDOL]DODLQYHQFLyQIXHUD GHO FRQRFL

PLHQWRDEVWUDFWR\HQHOiPELWR GH ODVVROXFLRQHVWpFQLFDVDSUREOH

PDV GH OD YLGDUHDO$HVWH UHVSHFWROR~QLFRTXHSUHYpHO$'3,&

HV TXH ODDSOLFDFLyQ LQGXVWULDO SXHGHFRQVLGHUDUVHVLQyQLPR GH ~WLO

WpUPLQRHPSOHDGRKDELWXDOPHQWHHQORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV\TXHYDPiV

DOOiGHODDSOLFDFLyQLQGXVWULDO(QHOFRQWH[WRGHODSURWHFFLyQGHOD

VDOXG\HODFFHVRDORVIiUPDFRVSDUDPXFKRVSDtVHVODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ

XVRVGHSURGXFWRVFRQRFLGRVª&RPLVLyQVREUH'HUHFKRVGH3URSLHGDG,QWHOHFWXDOIntegrando los

derechos de propiedad intelectual y la política de desarrollo, /RQGUHV&RPLVLyQVREUH'HUHFKRV

GH3URSLHGDG,QWHOHFWXDOS

 &&255($Propiedad Intelectual y Salud Públicaop. cit.S

 3RUHMHPSORHOH[DPLQDGRU HVWDGRXQLGHQVHGHODVROLFLWXGGH SDWHQWHSDUDODDPORGLSLQD

EHVLODWRVHxDOy DOUHDIUPDUVHHQ HOUHFKD]R GHGLFKD VROLFLWXGTXH ©HVDVFXDOLGDGHV ²HVWDELOL

GDGKLJURVFRSLFLGDG\ EXHQDSURFHVDELOLGDGSDUD ODIRUPXODFLyQ GHFRPSULPLGRV²VRQ EiVLFDV

FRQVLGHUDFLRQHVTXH UHDOL]D XQ WpFQLFRQRUPDOPHQWHYHUVDGR HQHO DUWHSDUD VHOHFFLRQDUXQD VDO

IDUPDFpXWLFDFRQYHQLHQWHPHQWHª&LUFXLWR)HGHUDO, Pzifer, Inc. Y Apotex IncGHPDU]RGH

Federal ReportVHULHYROS

 ,)30$Adaptive Innovation, Intellectual Property and the Public Interest*HQHYD,)3

0$S

 6'%(5*(/©$SURSLDFLyQGHODLQIRUPDFLyQJHQpWLFDKXPDQDª6'%(5*(/\10,1

RUJGenoma humano%XHQRV$LUHV5XELQ]DO&XO]RQLS

 %DMRHVWH~OWLPREDVWDFRQTXHXQDLQYHQFLyQVHDHMHFXWDEOH\FDSD]GHHMHUFHUDOJXQDIXQFLyQ

ORTXHSXHGHSHUPLWLUODSDWHQWDELOLGDGGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVWpFQLFRVHQHVWDGRH[SHULPHQWDOTXHQRVRQ

DSOLFDEOHVLQGXVWULDOPHQWHVid-'(/,&$'20217(525Ë26©(O$FXHUGR$'3,&75,36\ODVSDWHQWHVª

*UXSR(VSDxROGHOD$,33,Los Acuerdos ADPIC (TRIPS), TLT y Protocolo del Arreglo de Madrid y su

incidencia en la legislación española%DUFHORQD*UXSR(VSDxROGHOD$,33,S6LQHPEDUJR

KDVWDORVDxRVVHWHQWDHOUHTXLVLWRGH©XWLOLGDGªHQORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVUHPLWtDDXWLOLGDG©VRFLDOª

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

PiVDGHFXDGDGHOUHTXLVLWRGHDSOLFDFLyQLQGXVWULDOVHUiH[LJLUTXHHO

SURGXFWRDSURWHJHU VHDXQSURGXFWRUHDOPHQWHLQGXVWULDOORTXHLP

SOLFDSRGHUUHSHWLUOR6HHQFXHQWUDDTXtSRUORWDQWRRWURDUJXPHQWR

SDUD H[FOXLUGH SDWHQWH HO uso GH LQYHQFLRQHV TXH QR VRQ PiVTXH

PpWRGRVWHUDSpXWLFRV

/DDSOLFDFLyQHVWULFWDGHHVWRVSULQFLSLRV QR VyOR SHUPLWH UHFKD]DU

QXPHURVDV SDWHQWHV TXH DFWXDOPHQWH VH FRQFHGHQ VLQR UHFKD]DU WDP

ELpQSDWHQWHVVREUHWLSRVHVSHFtIFRVGHLQQRYDFLyQ PHQRUTXH VHHVWiQ

JHQHUDOL]DQGR(Q HVWH ~OWLPR VHQWLGR ORV 0LHPEURV SXHGHQ UHFKD]DU

ODVVROLFLWXGHV GH GHWHUPLQDGDV SDWHQWHV GH VHOHFFLyQ TXH UHLYLQGLFDQ

XQHOHPHQWRRXQSHTXHxRVHJPHQWRGHVFXELHUWRGHQWURGHXQiUHDPiV

JUDQGH\DFRQRFLGD\ TXHIUHFXHQWHPHQWHQR WLHQHQVXIFLHQWHDOWXUDLQ

YHQWLYD3XHGHQUHFKD]DUVHWDPELpQODVSDWHQWHV VREUHSROLPRUIRVHVWR

HVFULVWDOL]DFLRQHVGLYHUVDV GH LQJUHGLHQWHVDFWLYRVTXH SXHGHQ SRVHHU

GLVWLQWDVSURSLHGDGHVHQUHODFLyQFRQVX XVRWHUDSpXWLFR SHVHDORKD

ELWXDOGH VX SDWHQWDPLHQWR HQ HOiPELWRFLHQWtIFRVH FRQVLGHUD TXHHO

GHVDUUROORGHXQDQXHYD IRUPD FULVWDOLQD HV XQ SDVR REYLR 7DPELpQ

SXHGHQ UHFKD]DUVH ODV VROLFLWXGHV GH SDWHQWH VREUH SURFHGLPLHQWRV QR

QRYHGRVRVRDQiORJRVPiVDOOiGHTXHHOSURGXFWRVtVHDQXHYRRPDQL

IHVWHSURSLHGDGHVLQHVSHUDGDV\SXHGHQUHFKD]DUVHWDPELpQODVSDWHQWHV

VREUHFRPSRVLFLRQHVTXHQRLQFOX\DQHOHPHQWRVTXHJHQHUHQXQSURGXF

WRQXHYRHLQYHQWLYR

B. Alcance de las reivindicaciones y oposición de terceros

/DVROLFLWXGGHSDWHQWHHVWiFRPSXHVWDSRUXQKD]GHUHLYLQGLFDFLRQHV

TXHSUHFLVDQORVGHUHFKRVGHOLQYHQWRUHVGHFLUODH[WHQVLyQ\ORVOtPLWHV

GHODapropiaciónFRQFHGLGDDOWLWXODU/DVUHLYLQGLFDFLRQHVVRQODGHIQL

FLyQGHOSURGXFWRUHGDFWDGDHQXQ~QLFRHQXQFLDGR\TXHH[SOLFDQFXiOHV

 &X\DSDWHQWDELOLGDGWDPELpQSHUPLWHH[FOXLUHODUWa)

 (OSROLPRUIVPRHVXQD DFWLYLGDGLQKHUHQWHGHOHVWDGRVyOLGR GHODPD\RUtDGHIiUPDFRV

\DTXHODVVXVWDQFLDVVyOLGDVWLHQHQODKDELOLGDGGHH[LVWLUHQGRVRPiVIDVHVFULVWDOLQDVTXHSRVHHQ

XQRUGHQDPLHQWRGLIHUHQWHGHORViWRPRVTXHFRQIRUPDQODPROpFXOD&XDQGRHOSURFHGLPLHQWRGH

ODSDWHQWH EiVLFDVREUH HOSULQFLSLRDFWLYR SHUPLWDREWHQHU WDOHVIRUPDV SXHGHFRQVLGHUDUVH TXH

ODVPLVPDVVHHQFXHQWUDQHQHOHVWDGRGHODWpFQLFDVid&&255($Propiedad Intelectual y Salud

Públicaop. citSS

 63,$77,©&ULWHULRVGHDQiOLVLVGHODVSDWHQWHVIDUPDFpXWLFDVªpaperSUHVHQWDGRHQHOTer-

cer Curso Internacional Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual y Salud Pública, 2068%$%XHQRV

$LUHs HQDUFKLYRVGHODXWRU

 ([LVWHQUHLYLQGLFDFLRQHVVREUHFRPSRVLFLRQHV IDUPDFpXWLFDVHVGHFLUHOSULQFLSLRDFWLYR

\ORVDGLWLYRV(VWDVFRPSRVLFLRQHVSXHGHQ VHUFRPELQDFLRQHVGHSURGXFWRV\DFRQRFLGRV SRUOR

TXHSXHGHFRQVLGHUDUVHDQWLFLSDGDSRU ORVPLVPRV\SRUORWDQWR QRSDWHQWDEOHVid&&255($

Propiedad Intelectual y Salud Públicaop. citS

 6'%(5*(/op. cit.S(OWpUPLQRDSURSLDFLyQHVGHOLEHUDGRVLELHQHOGHUHFKRGHSDWHQWH

QRFRQI HUHXQGHUHFKRUHDOGHGRPLQRVREUHODLQYHQFLyQ©HQORVKHFKRVHODEDQLFRGHGHUHFKRVTXHOH

UHFRQRFHKDFHTXHVH³DSURSLH´GHOREMHWRUHLYLQGLFDGRHQHOWtWXORSRUHOSOD]RGHOH\ªIbidS

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

VXDSRUWDFLyQWpFQLFD/DSUiFWLFDGHVROLFLWDU\FRQFHGHUUHLYLQGLFDFLR

QHVVXPDPHQWHDPSOLDVHVIUHFXHQWH\HVSHFLDOPHQWHSHUMXGLFLDOHQHOiP

ELWRGHORVPHGLFDPHQWRV'LFKDVSDWHQWHVQRDSRUWDQQDGDDODLQQRYDFLyQ

SHURVtLPSOLFDQXQDOLPLWDFLyQGHOFRQRFLPLHQWRHQHOGRPLQLRS~EOLFR

'LIFXOWDQODLQQRYDFLyQXOWHULRU\HQFDUHFHQORVIiUPDFRVTXHGHEHQKDFHU

XVRGHODLQYHQFLyQSDWHQWDGD3RUHOORODIRUPDHQODTXHVHGHVFULEDQODV

UHLYLQGLFDFLRQHVWLHQHXQSDSHOUHOHYDQWHVREUHHODOFDQFHGHODSDWHQWH

(O$'3,&SHUPLWHTXHORV0LHPEURVHOLMDQODIRUPDGHGHVFULELUODV

UHLYLQGLFDFLRQHVHQIXQFLyQGHVXQLYHOFLHQWtIFRHLQQRYDGRU\ORVLQWHUH

VHVGHVDOXGS~EOLFD$VtODGHVFULSFLyQGHXQSURGXFWRTXtPLFRHQWpUPL

QRVHVWUXFWXUDOHVHVWRHVHVSHFLIFDQGRVXFRPSRVLFLyQTXtPLFDRIUHFHOD

PDQHUDPiVVHJXUDGHGHOLPLWDUHODOFDQFHGHODSURWHFFLyQ2WUDRSFLyQ

VRQODVUHLYLQGLFDFLRQHVIXQFLRQDOHVTXHGHVFULEHQODLQYHQFLyQHQWpUPL

QRVGHVXDSOLFDFLyQ\GDQOXJDUDXQDFREHUWXUDPX\DPSOLD$OJRVLPLODU

RFXUUHFRQODVUHLYLQGLFDFLRQHVGHSURGXFWRSRUSURFHGLPLHQWRTXHFDUDF

WHUL]DQDOSURGXFWRSRUHOSURFHGLPLHQWRTXHVHHPSOHDSDUDREWHQHUOR

7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODIH[LELOLGDGGHO$'3,&HQHVWHiPELWR\ODYDULHGDG

GHRSFLRQHVH[LVWHQWHVHQ'HUHFKRFRPSDUDGRORV0LHPEURVSXHGHQH[L

JLUTXH©VLHPSUHTXHVHDSRVLEOHXQDLQYHQFLyQGHSURGXFWRVHGHIQDFRQ

SUHFLVLyQHQWpUPLQRVGHVXFRPSRVLFLyQRHVWUXFWXUDHVSHFtIFDª

3RURWURODGRODGLYXOJDFLyQHVSDUWHHVHQFLDOGHO©FRQWUDWRVRFLDOª

TXHVXSRQHODFRQFHVLyQGHXQDSDWHQWHHQYLUWXGGHOFXDOODVRFLHGDG

VHEHQHIFLDGHOFRQRFLPLHQWRJHQHUDGRSRUHOLQYHQWRU\pVWHYHSURWHJL

GDVXLQYHQFLyQ3HVHDHOORVHWUDWDGHXQDREOLJDFLyQTXHVHLQFXPSOH

FRQIUHFXHQFLD$WHQRUGHODUWGHO$'3,&ORV0LHPEURVSXHGHQ

H[LJLUTXHHOVROLFLWDQWHGHXQDSDWHQWHLQGLTXH©ODPHMRUPDQHUDGHOOH

YDUDHIHFWRODLQYHQFLyQTXHFRQR]FDªH[LJHQFLDVLQJXODUPHQWHLPSRU

WDQWHSDUD TXH ODV SDWHQWHV FXPSODQ VX IXQFLyQLQIRUPDWLYD\IDFLOLWHQ

QRVRODPHQWHODLQQRYDFLyQXOWHULRUVLQRWDPELpQODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGH

LQVWUXPHQWRVFRPRODVOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDV

8QRGHORVFDXFHV SDUDHYLWDUODFRQFHVLyQGHSDWHQWHVTXHQRFXP

SOHQFRQORVUHTXLVLWRVGHSDWHQWDELOLGDGHVKDELOLWDUXQFDXFH SDUDTXH

 &&255($Propiedad Intelectual y Salud Públicaop. citS

 (QHVWHVHQWLGR DODIHFWDUDOUHTXLVLWRGH QRYHGDGSULYDQDODFRPXQLGDG GHXQELHQTXH

SHUWHQHFHDOGRPLQLRFRP~Q-$*Ï0(=6(*$'(©3DWHQWDELOLGDGª&)(51È1'(=1292$\-$

*Ï0(=6(*$'(La modernización del derecho español de patentes,0DGULG 0RQWHFRUYR

S

 &&255($Propiedad Intelectual y Salud Públicaop. cit.SS

IbidS

 $277(1©3DWHQWVFRYHULQJSKDUPDFHXWLFDO SURGXFWVDQGWKH75,36$JUHHPHQWªRevue

Internationale de Droit Economique,6SHFLDO(GLWLRQS

Vid( 73(1526( The economics of the international patent system%DOWLPRUH -RKQ

+RSNLQV3UHVVS

Vid0.8%2\<,72+©3UREOHPSKDUPDFHXWLFDOSDWHQWVªWorld Patent InformationYRO

Q~PSS

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

WHUFHURVSXHGDQRSRQHUVHD GLFKDFRQFHVLyQ (VWDRSRVLFLyQSXHGH IRU

PXODUVHHQFXDOTXLHUPRPHQWR RHQ XQSHULRGRHVSHFLDOPHQWH SUHYLVWR

\ TXH KDELWXDOPHQWH FRPSUHQGH GHVGH OD SXEOLFDFLyQ GH OD VROLFLWXG

KDVWDODFRQFHVLyQGHODSDWHQWH8QDFXHVWLyQUHODFLRQDGDFRQODRSR

VLFLyQGHWHUFHURVHVODUHODWLYDDODFDUJDGHODSUXHEDGHODVDWLVIDFFLyQ

GHORVUHTXLVLWRVGHSDWHQWDELOLGDG/D SUiFWLFDKDELWXDOFRQVLVWHHQTXH

VHDQORVH[DPLQDGRUHVGHSDWHQWHVORVTXHSUXHEHQTXHODLQYHQFLyQQR

HVSDWHQWDEOHORTXHFRQIUHFXHQFLD VHKDFHUHFXUULHQGRDODVSDWHQWHV

DQWHULRUPHQWHFRQFHGLGDVSHURGHVFRQRFLHQGRRWUDVIXHQWHVGHLQIRUPD

FLyQFRPRSRUHMHPSORODVUHYLVWDVFLHQWtIFDV(QFRQVHFXHQFLDFDEH

SUHJXQWDUVHFXiOHVHOEHQHIFLRVRFLDOGHULYDGR GHODFRQFHVLyQGHXQD

SDWHQWHTXHQRDSRUWDQLQJXQDFRQWULEXFLyQDOFRQRFLPLHQWRH[LVWHQWHDO

H[FOXLUGHOLEHUDGDPHQWHFLHUWDVIXHQWHV

II. FLEXIBILIDADES DEL ADPIC POSTERIORES

A LA CONCESIÓN DE PATENTE

(VFLHUWRTXHKDVLGRODFULVLVHQWRUQRDODFFHVRDORVPHGLFDPHQWRV

ODTXHKDIRPHQWDGRHODQiOLVLVGHORVPHFDQLVPRVGHIH[LELOL]DFLyQGH

ODSURWHFFLyQ HVWDEOHFLGDHQHO$'3,&(OOR QR REVWDQWHODVPHGLGDV

REMHWRGHDQiOLVLVHQHVWHHStJUDIH\ HQHOVHJXQGRDSDUWDGRGHOHStJUDIH

DQWHULRUVRQSDUWHHVHQFLDOGHO$FXHUGR(VGHFLUHO$'3,&HQVXREMHWL

YRGHHTXLOLEUDUORVLQWHUHVHVGHORVXVXDULRV\GHORVSURGXFWRUHVDUWLFX

ODHQXQPLVPRWH[WR\GHLJXDODLJXDOGLVSRVLFLRQHVSDUDODSURWHFFLyQ

GHOD SURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO \ RWUDV TXHODDPROGDQD LQWHUHVHV VRFLDOHV

VXSHULRUHV(QHVWHVHQWLGRGHEH SUHFLVDUVHTXHODXWLOL]DFLyQGHOWpUPL

QR©IH[LELOLGDGHVªUHVSRQGHPHUDPHQWHDOD JHQHUDOL]DFLyQ GH VX XVR

SHURRWURVWpUPLQRVFRPR©PHGLGDVSURFRPSHWLWLYDVª©HVWUDWHJLDVSDUD

DFHOHUDU HO DFFHVRª ©VDOYDJXDUGLDV GH VDOXG S~EOLFDª R SRU HMHPSOR

©GLVSRVLFLRQHV\PHGLGDVSDUDODSRQGHUDFLyQGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO

FRQLQWHUHVHVVRFLDOHVVXSHULRUHVªVRQPiVDGHFXDGDVDODQDWXUDOH]DGH

ODVPLVPDV(QXQ VHQWLGRVLPLODUVHKD VHxDODGRTXHHO XVR GH OD GH

QRPLQDFLyQ©H[FHSFLRQHVª ©HVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHPDOLFLRVR \ GHEHUtDVHU

HYLWDGRª\DTXHVLELHQHO$'3,&VHUHIHUHD©H[FHSFLRQHVªHQUHDOLGDG

 3DtVHVFRPRFRQFRQFHSFLRQHVWDQGLVWLQWDVGHOUROGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOFRPR$UJHQ

WLQD(VWDGRV8QLGRV\OD,QGLDSUHYpQ DOJ~QWLSRGHSURFHGLPLHQWRSDUDODRSRVLFLyQ GHWHUFHURV

(QHOSODQRUHJLRQDOWDPELpQOD&RPXQLGDG$QGLQDHQVX'HFLVLyQSUHYpHVWDSRVLELOLGDG

 'HKHFKRODSUHVLyQTXHVRSRUWDQHQDOJXQRV SDtVHVORVH[DPLQDGRUHVGHSDWHQWHVHVD~Q

PD\RUSXHVWRTXH HQWUHVXVPpULWRV VHFRQWDELOL]DQ QRODVSDWHQWHV H[DPLQDGDVVLQR ODVFRQFH

GLGDV

 &&255($Propiedad Intelectual y Salud Públicaop. citS

 &27(52*$5&Ë$&$675,//Ï1El comercio internacional de medicamentos0DGULG'\NLQ

VRQS

 '9$9(5\6%$6+((5©(OFRQVXPRGHSDVWLOODVSDWHQWDGDV(XURSD\XQDGRVLVGH75,36

GXUDQWHXQDGpFDGDªHQ%5(0,&+(\-.256FRPSVop. cit.S

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

ODVPLVPDV SXHGHQFRQFHELUVHFRPRGHUHFKRVGHORVXVXDULRVIUHQWHD

ORVWLWXODUHV GHODV SDWHQWHV'HKHFKR OD&RUWH6XSUHPD FDQDGLHQVH

GHFLGLyQRDQDOL]DUFRPR H[FHSFLyQHOGHUHFKRGHORVXVXDULRVDXWLOL]DU

OLEUHPHQWHREUDVFRQGHUHFKRVGHDXWRU\VHxDOyTXHSUHIHUtDUHFXUULUDOD

H[SUHVLyQ©GHUHFKRVGHORVXVXDULRVªSXHVWRTXH©ODH[FHSFLyQGHMXVWD

XWLOL]DFLyQFRPRRWUDV H[FHSFLRQHV GH OD OH\ GH SURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO

HVXQGHUHFKRGHOXVXDULRª+HFKDVHVWDVDFRWDFLRQHVHQHVWHHStJUD

IHVHDQDOL]DQ ODV OLPLWDFLRQHV D ORV GHUHFKRV GHO WLWXODU GH OD SDWHQWH

HQWUHODVTXHVHLQFOX\HQODVH[FHSFLRQHVDORVGHUHFKRVGHO PLVPR\HO

DJRWDPLHQWRGH ORVGHUHFKRV\ VHLQWURGXFHWDPELpQ HOUpJLPHQGH ODV

OLFHQFLDVQRYROXQWDULDVHQHO$'3,&LQVWUXPHQWRVWRGRVHOORV GHYLWDO

LPSRUWDQFLDSDUDODSURWHFFLyQGHODVDOXG

 /,0,7$&,21(6$/26'(5(&+26'(/7,78/$5

A. Excepciones a los derechos del titular

(ODUWGHO$'3,&SUHYpTXHORV0LHPEURVSXHGHQSUHYHUH[FHS

FLRQHVD ORV GHUHFKRVH[FOXVLYRV FRQIHULGRVSRU OD SDWHQWH/DVH[FHS

FLRQHVGHEHQVHUOLPLWDGDVQRDWHQWDUGH PDQHUDLQMXVWLIFDEOHFRQWUDOD

H[SORWDFLyQQRUPDOGH ODSDWHQWH QRFDXVDU XQSHUMXLFLR LQMXVWLIFDGRD

ORVLQWHUHVHVGHOWLWXODU\WHQHUHQFXHQWDORVLQWHUHVHVGHWHUFHURV6LQ

HPEDUJRHOPLVPRDUWtFXORQRHQXPHUDFXiOHVVRQODVH[FHSFLRQHVSRU

ORTXH©GHMDXQPDUJHQGHOLEHUWDGLPSRUWDQWHSDUDTXHODVOHJLVODFLRQHV

QDFLRQDOHVGHIQDQHOWLSR \HODOFDQFH GHODVSRVLEOHV H[FHSFLRQHVª

(QHO 'HUHFKR FRPSDUDGRFDEH LGHQWLIFDUH[FHSFLRQHVFRPRORVDFWRV

FRQIQHV SULYDGRV HOXVRHGXFDWLYRR H[SHULPHQWDO OD SUHSDUDFLyQ GH

UHFHWDVLQGLYLGXDOHV OD H[SHULPHQWDFLyQGLULJLGDD REWHQHU OD DXWRUL]D

FLyQFRPHUFLDOGHXQSURGXFWR\HOXVRGHODLQYHQFLyQSRUXQWHUFHURGH

EXHQDIHTXHODYHQtDXWLOL]DQGRDQWHVGHODVROLFLWXGGHODSDWHQWH

(OXVRH[SHULPHQWDOSXHGHWHQHUHIHFWRV VREUHODLQQRYDFLyQIDUPD

FpXWLFD\ UHSHUFXWLUGH IRUPDUHODWLYDPHQWHGLUHFWD VREUHHODFFHVR (Q

HVWHVHQWLGRDGHPiVGHVHUYLUDODLQYHVWLJDFLyQH[SHULPHQWDOODH[FHS

FLyQSDUDODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ SXHGHVHUYLUSDUDHYDOXDUXQDLQYHQFLyQDIQ

GHVROLFLWDUXQDOLFHQFLD R WDPELpQ SDUD HYDOXDU VL OD LQYHQFLyQ UHDO

Ibid.S

CCH Canadian Ltd Y Law Society of Upper Canada6&56&&

SiUU

 6HWUDWDGHFRQGLFLRQHVFXPXODWLYDVVLHQGRFDGDXQDGHHOODVXQUHTXLVLWRTXHGHEHFXP

SOLUVHFRQLQGHSHQGHQFLDGHORVGHPiVCanadá-Protección mediante patenteop. citSiUU

 &&255($Propiedad Intelectual y Salud Públicaop. cit.S

 7:1Manual on Good Practices in Public-Health-Sensitive Policy Measures and Patent

Laws3HQDQJ7:1SS&&255($©7KH *$77$JUHHPHQWRQ7UDGH5HODWHG$V

SHFWVRI,QWHOOHFWXDO3URSHUW\5LJKWV1HZ6WDQGDUGVIRU3DWHQW3URWHFWLRQªEuropean Intellectual

Property ReviewYROSS

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

PHQWHHVWDORVLHVVXIFLHQWHODGLYXOJDFLyQH[SUHVDGDHQODVROLFLWXGGH

SDWHQWH(OSURSyVLWRHVSHUPLWLUTXHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQSXHGDGHVDUUROODUVHD

SHVDUGHODH[LVWHQFLDGHSDWHQWHV(OH[DPHQGHGLYHUVDVOHJLVODFLRQHV

SHUPLWHFRQVWDWDU TXH HQ DOJXQRV SDtVHV OD H[FHSFLyQ SDUD H[SHULPHQ

WDFLyQVH FLUFXQVFULEH D IQHV FLHQWtIFRVPLHQWUDV TXH HQ RWURV SXHGH

SHUVHJXLUWDPELpQIQHVFRPHUFLDOHV3DUHFHDGHPiVTXHVHWUDWDGHXQD

H[FHSFLyQDSHQDVXWLOL]DGDHQSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROORFRPRHQJHQHUDOKD

VLGRWDPELpQSRFRH[SORWDGRHOSRWHQFLDOTXHRIUHFHHODUW

/D©H[FHSFLyQ%RODUªHVRWUDGHODV©HVWUDWHJLDVSDUDDFHOHUDUHODFFH

VRª\DTXHSHUPLWHDXQIXWXURSURGXFWRUHOXVRGHXQIiUPDFRSDWHQ

WDGRSDUDUHDOL]DUSUXHEDV\REWHQHUODDXWRUL]DFLyQGHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ

(QJHQHUDOVHWUDWDGHSUXHEDVGHVWLQDGDVDGHPRVWUDUODELRHTXLYDOHQFLD

GHOIiUPDFR JHQpULFR FRQORTXH VH SHUPLWHVXUiSLGD LQWURGXFFLyQ HQ

HOPHUFDGRDOH[SLUDUODSDWHQWH\SRUFRQVLJXLHQWHDEDUDWDUHOFRVWHGH

XQDDSOLFDFLyQWHUDSpXWLFD$WUDYpVGHODOHJLVODFLyQRODMXULVSUXGHQFLD

QXPHURVRVSDtVHVSHUPLWHQ HVWDH[FHSFLyQTXHFXPSOHVX IXQFLyQVL

DODSDUTXHVHFRQWHPSODQRVHUHFRJHQPHGLGDVFRPSHQVDWRULDVFRPR

ODH[WHQVLyQGHODSDWHQWH6X OHJDOLGDGHQHOPDUFRGHO$'3,&KDVLGR

DYDODGDSRUHO26'TXHVLQHPEDUJRODGHOLPLWyDOVHxDODUTXHSHUPLWH

OD H[SHULPHQWDFLyQ \ VROLFLWXG GH UHJLVWUR SHUR QR OD IDEULFDFLyQ \ HO

DOPDFHQDPLHQWRGHOSURGXFWRFRQDQWHULRULGDGDODH[SLUDFLyQGH ODSD

WHQWH

B. Agotamiento de los derechos del titular de la patente

(OWLWXODUGHXQGHUHFKRGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO agotaVXVGHUHFKRV

FXDQGRLQWURGXFHHQHOPHUFDGRHOELHQVREUHHOTXHUHFDHQRKDSHUPL

WLGRD XQOLFHQFLDWDULR FRPHUFLDOL]DUHOSURGXFWR(ODJRWDPLHQWRHVXQD

OLPLWDFLyQWUDVFHQGHQWDOGHORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOSXHVWR

TXHLPSLGHDOWLWXODUHOFRQWUROXOWHULRUGHOXVRRUHYHQWDGHOSURGXFWR6L

ELHQWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHODGRFWULQDGHODJRWDPLHQWRVHDMXVWDEDDOFDUiFWHU

WHUULWRULDOGHORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO\VHOLPLWDEDDOiPEL

WRQDFLRQDOODOLEHUDOL]DFLyQHFRQyPLFDOD LQWHUGHSHQGHQFLDFRPHUFLDO

\ODHYROXFLyQ MXULVSUXGHQFLDOHQ iPELWRVFRPRHOGHO©REMHWRHVSHFtI

FRªGH ORVGHUHFKRVGH SURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO\ GH ODGLVWLQFLyQHQWUHOD

 6)08681*8 6 9,//$18(9$\ 5%/$6(77, Utilizing TRIPS Flexibilities for Public-

Health Protection Through South-South Frameworks*HQHYD6RXWK&HQWUHS

 &&255($Propiedad Intelectual y Salud Públicaop. citS

 (OQRPEUHGHHVWDH[FHSFLyQVHGHEHDOFDVRDSDUWLUGHOFXDOVHLGHQWLIFy\HQHOTXHVLQ

HPEDUJRIXHGHQHJDGDRoche Products Inc. Y Bolar Pharmaceuticals Co )G)HG

&LUGHQLHG86

 7DQWRSDtVHVLQGXVWULDOL]DGRV(VWDGRV8QLGRV&DQDGi1RUXHJD,VODQGLD,VUDHO$XVWUD

OLDFRPRSDtVHV HQGHVDUUROOR $UJHQWLQD7DLODQGLD/D'LUHFWLYD&( UHFRJLyWDPELpQ

ODH[FHSFLyQ%RODU

Canadá-Protección mediante patente, op. cit

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

©H[LVWHQFLDª\HO©HMHUFLFLRªGHORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOKDQ

GDGROXJDU DODH[SDQVLyQ GH ORVSULQFLSLRV GHO DJRWDPLHQWRUHJLRQDOH

LQWHUQDFLRQDO

/D GRFWULQDGHO DJRWDPLHQWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH ORV GHUHFKRVMXVWLIFD

ODLPSRUWDFLyQ SDUDOHOD KHUUDPLHQWD ~WLO SDUD FRQWHQHU HO FRVWH GH ORV

IiUPDFRV1RHVVLQHPEDUJRXQDYtD VHQFLOODSDUDDEDUDWDU ORVPHGLFD

PHQWRVDXQTXHHQSULQFLSLRHODJRWDPLHQWRGHORVGHUHFKRV DEUH DP

SOLDVSRVLELOLGDGHVFRQUHVSHFWRDODLPSRUWDFLyQSDUDOHODVHDSXQWDTXH

SXHGHGHVLQFHQWLYDULQYHUVLRQHVIDUPDFpXWLFDVHQORVSDtVHVTXHDGRSWHQ

HVWHSULQFLSLRHLQFLWDUDORVSURGXFWRUHVDHVWDEOHFHUXQSUHFLR PXQGLDO

~QLFRSUREDEOHPHQWHDOQLYHOTXHORVSDtVHVPiVULFRVSXHGHQVRSRUWDU

eVWHHVHOULHVJRTXHGHEHSRQGHUDUWRGRUpJLPHQGHLPSRUWDFLyQSDUDOHOD

GHIiUPDFRVGHVFDUWDQGRSRUHOFRQWUDULRODVDOHJDFLRQHVGHODLQGXVWULD

IDUPDFpXWLFDLQQRYDGRUDHQHOVHQWLGRGHTXHODVLPSRUWDFLRQHVSDUDOHODV

SURPXHYHQOD DSDULFLyQ GHIiUPDFRVIDOVLIFDGRV RVXEHVWiQGDUTXH VH

WUDWDGHXQDGHVYLDFLyQIUDXGXOHQWD\TXHVyOREHQHIFLDDORVLPSRUWDGR

UHVSHURQR DORVFRQVXPLGRUHV(QFXDOTXLHUFDVR\FRQ ODVGHELGDV

PDWL]DFLRQHVODWHVLVFRQWUDULDDODJRWDPLHQWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHORVGHUH

FKRVVXSRQHDGPLWLUTXH ORVSULQFLSLRVVREUHORVTXHVHEDVDHOVLVWHPD

PXOWLODWHUDOGHOFRPHUFLRVRQVyORSURYHFKRVRVSDUDORVFRQVXPLGRUHVGH

SDtVHVULFRVTXHVHUtDQORV~QLFRVTXH FRQVHJXLUtDQSURGXFWRVDSUHFLRV

PiVFRPSHWLWLYRVTXHHQ XQUpJLPHQ SURWHFFLRQLVWDDUJXPHQWRTXHQR

FRPSDUWLUtDQQLORV SDtVHVGRQGH VHHQFXHQWUDQ GLFKRVFRQVXPLGRUHV QL

ODSURSLD20&

$SHVDUGHTXHDFWXDOPHQWHORVSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROORVRQORVSULQFLSD

OHVYDOHGRUHVGHODGRFWULQDGHODJRWDPLHQWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOQLODPLVPDQL

ODLPSRUWDFLyQSDUDOHODVRQXQUHFXUVRQXHYRQLPXFKRPHQRVRULJLQDULR

GHORV SDtVHV HQGHVDUUROOR/D GRFWULQD GHO DJRWDPLHQWRVXSUDQDFLRQDO

GHORVGHUHFKRVHQFXHQWUDVXRULJHQHQODMXULVSUXGHQFLDGHO7ULEXQDOGH

-XVWLFLDGHODV &RPXQLGDGHV(XURSHDV 7-&(TXH EDViQGRVHHQ ODUH

IH[LyQGRFWULQDODOHPDQDGHPHGLDGRVGHORVDxRVVHVHQWD\HQUHVSXHVWD

DYDULDVFXHVWLRQHVSUHMXGLFLDOHVKDYHQLGRGHIHQGLHQGRGHVGHKDFHPiV

GHWUHLQWDDxRVOD GRFWULQDGHO DJRWDPLHQWRUHJLRQDOGHORVGHUHFKRV GH

SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO

(ODJRWDPLHQWRGHGHUHFKRVOLPLWDHODOFDQFHGH ORVGHUHFKRVH[FOX

VLYRVRWRUJDGRVDO WLWXODUGHXQGHUHFKRGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO 'DGR

Vid,)30$TRIPS, Pharmaceuticals and Developing Countries*HQHYD,)30$

S+D\TXLHQ LQFOXVRDSUR[LPD ODVLPSRUWDFLRQHVSDUDOHODV DOWUiIFRGH HVWXSHIDFLHQWHVVid

)+0,//(5©)RUHZRUG*OREHKRSLQJ SKDUPDFHXWLFDOVªAmerican Journal of Law and Medi-

cineQ~PS

 ;6(8%$+(51È1'(=©/DLPSRUWDQFLDGHODMXULVSUXGHQFLDGHO7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLFLDGHODV

&RPXQLGDGHV(XURSHDVVREUHHODJRWDPLHQWRGHGHUHFKRVSDUDODSURWHFFLyQGHODVDOXGS~EOLFDª

HQ6 5,32/&$58//$ GLUEspaña ante los tribunales internacionales europeos. Cuestiones de

política judicial%LOEDR,9$3SS

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

TXHWDOHVGHUHFKRVH[FOXVLYRVLQFOX\HQODSRVLELOLGDGGHLPSHGLUIDEULFDU

YHQGHURLPSRUWDUHOSURGXFWRVLQDXWRUL]DFLyQGHOWLWXODUGHQRDSOLFDU

VHODGRFWULQDGHODJRWDPLHQWRHO WLWXODUHMHUFHUtD GHIRUPD LOLPLWDGDHO

FRQWUROVREUH ODYHQWDWUDQVIHUHQFLD \XVRGHO ELHQ(Q UHVSXHVWDVH

KDHVWDEOHFLGR TXHHOGHUHFKR VHDJRWDFXDQGR HOWLWXODUKD REWHQLGRHO

EHQHIFLRGHULYDGR GH OD SXHVWD HQHOPHUFDGR6H IMD DVt HOPRPHQWR

HQHO TXH GHMDGHSRGHU LQWHUIHULU HQ HOGHVWLQRGHO SURGXFWR \SHUPLWH

DVt©DVHJXUDUODOLEUHFLUFXODFLyQGHSURGXFWRVDOWLHPSRTXHVHWRPDHQ

FRQVLGHUDFLyQODGHELGD SURWHFFLyQ GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH ORV WLWXODUHV GH

GHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOª

$FHSWDGDODGRFWULQDGHODJRWDPLHQWRGHORVGHUHFKRVTXHDIHFWDH[

FOXVLYDPHQWHD ORV GHUHFKRV GH FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ GHO SURGXFWR OD GLV

FXVLyQVH FHQWUD HQ WRUQR D VL HO DJRWDPLHQWR VH SURGXFH HQ HOiPELWR

QDFLRQDOUHJLRQDO R LQWHUQDFLRQDO (V GHFLU VL OD SULPHUD YHQWD GH XQ

SURGXFWRDJRWD HOGHUHFKR GHOWLWXODUD LQWHUYHQLUHQHO GHVWLQRGHO SUR

GXFWRVRODPHQWHHQ HOSDtV HQHO TXHODPLVPDVHKDUHDOL]DGRRSRUHO

FRQWUDULRHODJRWDPLHQWRWLHQHXQDOFDQFHUHJLRQDORPXQGLDOHQFX\RV

FDVRVOD SULPHUD YHQWDGHOSURGXFWR DJRWDUi ORVGHUHFKRVGHO WLWXODU HQ

XQDGHWHUPLQDGDUHJLyQRHQHOPXQGRHQWHURFRQLQGHSHQGHQFLDGHODV

SDWHQWHVTXHWHQJDUHFRQRFLGDVHQSDtVHVGLVWLQWRVDOGHODSULPHUDYHQWD

(VWDVWUHVSRVLELOLGDGHV VRQFRQRFLGDV UHVSHFWLYDPHQWHFRPR GRFWULQD

GHDJRWDPLHQWRQDFLRQDOUHJLRQDOHLQWHUQDFLRQDO

/DSDWHQWHP~OWLSOHGHXQDLQYHQFLyQQRDxDGHQDGDQXHYRDOHVWDGR

GHODWpFQLFD/RVHIHFWRVSRVLWLYRVTXHDFRPSDxDQOD FRQFHVLyQGHXQD

SDWHQWHHQSDUWLFXODUODFRQWULEXFLyQDOSURJUHVRJUDFLDVDODUHYHODFLyQ

GHODLQYHQFLyQQRFRQRFHQOLPLWDFLyQWHUULWRULDO6LQHPEDUJRQRIXH

pVWHHODUJXPHQWRTXHOOHYyDPXGDUGHOSULQFLSLRGHDJRWDPLHQWRQDFLR

QDODO GHODJRWDPLHQWR UHJLRQDORPXQGLDO 'HOLPLWDUVHOD GRFWULQDGHO

DJRWDPLHQWRDOSODQRQDFLRQDOHOWLWXODUGHODVSDWHQWHVSDUDOHODVREWLHQH

HOPRQRSROLRGHH[SORWDFLyQHQFDGDMXULVGLFFLyQHQODTXHKDSDWHQWDGR

HOSURGXFWR\WLHQHSRUORWDQWRXQHIHFWRSURWHFFLRQLVWD3DUDHYLWDUGL

FKRHIHFWRHO7-&(SURFHGLyDGLVWLQJXLUHQWUHH[LVWHQFLD\HMHUFLFLRGH

ORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO\DLGHQWLIFDUHOREMHWRHVSHFtIFR

GHOGHUHFKRGH SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOTXHHVODUHPXQHUDFLyQGHO WLWXODU

GHOD SDWHQWH HQODSULPHUD YHQWD GHOSURGXFWRPRPHQWR HQ HOTXH VH

DIUPDVH DJRWDVXGHUHFKR D LQWHUYHQLUHQIXWXUDVWUDQVDFFLRQHV VREUH

HOPLVPR

(QUHODFLyQFRQHOUpJLPHQPXOWLODWHUDOGHOFRPHUFLR\ODSURWHFFLyQ

GHOD SURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO ODSULQFLSDOSUHRFXSDFLyQFRQDQWHULRULGDG

 81&7$',&76'op. cit.S

 %XQGHVJHULFKWVKRI%*+Fullplastverfahren, GHVHSWLHPEUHGH*585

S

 1.2&+\))526&+0$,(5©7KHGRFWULQHRIWHUULWRULDOLW\LQSDWHQWODZDQGFRPPRQPDU

NHWªIDEA, YROQ~PS

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

D OD DGRSFLyQ GHO $'3,& HUD OD GH DVHJXUD U TXH ODV PHGLGDV HVWDWD

OHVDGRSWDGDVSDUDSURWHJHUORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOQRVH

HULJLHVHQ HQEDUUHUDV DOFRPHUFLR OHJtWLPR &XDQGR VH FRQVWDWy TXH

HOUpJLPHQ GH OD 20& VH GRWDUtD GH XQ WH[WRKRPRJHQHL]DGRU GH ORV

HVWiQGDUHVGHSURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO VHDSXQWyOD GXGRVDDGPLVLELOLGDG

GHOSULQFLSLRGHDJRWDPLHQWR QDFLRQDO HQ UD]yQ GH ODV UHVWULFFLRQHV DO

FRPHUFLR\VXVHIHFWRVGLVFULPLQDWRULRV SRUORTXHVHLQVWyD UHFRJHU

HOSULQFLSLR GHDJRWDPLHQWRLQWHUQDFLRQDO6LQHPEDUJRGDGDOD GLV

SDULGDGGHSRVLFLRQHVH[LVWHQWHVDOUHVSHFWRHO$'3,&UHFRJLyHOFRP

SURPLVRGHQR DFRUGDU SRVLFLyQ KRPRJpQHD DOJXQD \GHMyTXH FDGD

(VWDGRDGRSWH ODGRFWULQDGHDJRWDPLHQWRTXHPiVOHVFRQYHQJD\H[

FOX\yGHOVLVWHPDGHVROXFLyQGHGLIHUHQFLDVODVFRQWURYHUVLDVVXVFLWDGDV

DUDt] GHO SULQFLSLR GH DJRWDPLHQWR 6ROXFLyQ TXH DGRSWDURQ WDPELpQ

SRVWHULRUHV FRQYHQFLRQHVPXOWLODWHUDOHV ²DXQTXH QR HVWiQ VLJXLHQ

GR RWUDV PiV UHFLHQWHV GH FDUiFWHUELODWHUDO \ UHJLRQDO² \ TXH DYDOy

OD'HFODUDFLyQ GH'RKDDOLQVLVWLU HQTXHORV0LHPEURVVRQOLEUHVSDUD

GHFLGLUVREUHODDSOLFDFLyQGHOSULQFLSLRGHDJRWDPLHQWRGHORVGHUHFKRV

TXHHVWLPHQRSRUWXQR

%XVFDQGRORVPLVPRVEHQHIFLRVTXHORVSHUVHJXLGRVHQOD&RPXQLGDG

HVGHFLUEHQHIFLDUVHGHODFRPSHWHQFLD\ODFRQVLJXLHQWHRSWLPL]DFLyQGHOD

RIHUWD\GHORVSUHFLRVSDtVHV\UHJLRQHVHQODVTXHH[LVWHQRUJDQL]DFLRQHVGH

LQWHJUDFLyQKDQDGRSWDGRROHJLWLPDGRODGRFWULQDGHODJRWDPLHQWRLQWHUQDFLR

QDOGHGHUHFKRV(QWUHODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVGHLQWHJUDFLyQUHJLRQDOGHVWDFDHO

FDVRGHOD&RPXQLGDG$QGLQD\VX©5pJLPHQ&RP~QVREUH3URSLHGDG,QGXV

WULDOª$VLPLVPRWDQWRSDtVHVGHVDUUROODGRVFRPRHQGHVDUUROORKDQDGRSWD

GRHOSULQFLSLRGHDJRWDPLHQWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHGHUHFKRV(QWUHORVSULPHURV

-DSyQ5HLQR8QLGR$XVWUDOLD1XHYD=HODQGD\6XL]DORKDQUHFRQRFLGRHQ

UHODFLyQFRQREUDVSURWHJLGDVSRUGHUHFKRVGHDXWRU\RFDVLRQDOPHQWHSRUSD

WHQWH(Q(VWDGRV8QLGRVVLELHQVHKDDGRSWDGRODGRFWULQDGHODJRWDPLHQWR

LQWHUQDFLRQDODFXxiQGRODFRPR©GRFWULQDGHODSULPHUDYHQWDªVHKDH[FOXLGR

 $$<868)\$021&$<2921+$6(©,QWHOOHFWXDO3URSHUW\3URWHFWLRQDQG,QWHUQDWLRQDO

7UDGHªWorld Competition: Law and Economics Review, YROQ~PS

IbidS

Vid.&+,$33(77$9©7KH 'HVLUDELOLW\ RI$JUHHLQJ WR 'LVDJUHH WKH:72 75,36 ,Q

WHUQDWLRQDO([KDXVWLRQDQG)HZ 2WKHU7KLQJVªMichigan Journal of International LawYRO

Q~PSS

 eVWHHVHOFDVRGHO7UDWDGRGHOD203,VREUH'HUHFKRGH$XWRUGHDUW\GHO7UD

WDGRGHOD203,VREUHOD,QWHUSUHWDFLyQR(MHFXFLyQ\)RQRJUDPDVGHDUW

 6XESiUUDIRd)(OOR\DSRGtDGHGXFLUVHGHODUWGHO$FXHUGRSHURORVLQWHQWRVGH(VWD

GRV8QLGRVGHDUJXPHQWDUHQVHQWLGRFRQWUDULRPRWLYDURQODDGRSFLyQGHHVWHVXESiUUDIR

 4XHSUHYpTXHHOWLWXODUGHODSDWHQWHQRSRGUiLPSHGLUODLPSRUWDFLyQGHSURGXFWRVSDWHQ

WDGRVTXHVHHQFXHQWUHQGLVSRQLEOHVHQRWURSDtVFRQVXFRQVHQWLPLHQWRHOGHOOLFHQFLDWDULRRHOGH

FXDOTXLHUSHUVRQDDXWRUL]DGD(ODUWGHOD'HFLVLyQGHODxRVXEVWLWX\HHODUWa)\c)

GHOD'HFLVLyQGHTXHLQFRUSRUDEDWDPELpQHOUpJLPHQGHDJRWDPLHQWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOFRQ

ODGLIHUHQFLDTXH QRH[LJtD TXHORVSURGXFWRV KXELHVHQVLGRFRPHUFLDOL]DGRV FRQOD DXWRUL]DFLyQ

GHOWLWXODUGHODSDWHQWH

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

GHVXDSOLFDFLyQD ORVIiUPDFRV(QFXDQWRDORVSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROORVH

FRQVWDWDTXHVRQWDQWRVORVSDtVHVTXHSUHYpQH[SOtFLWDPHQWHHOSULQFLSLRGH

DJRWDPLHQWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOFRPRORVTXHQR\KDQVLGRQRWRULDVODVSUHVLR

QHVTXHKDQVXIULGRDTXHOORVTXHORKDQLQWHQWDGRLPSOHPHQWDU1RREV

WDQWHGHVXIDOWDGHUHFHSFLyQOHJLVODWLYDQRVHLQIHUHTXHHVWDGRFWULQDQRVH

DSOLTXHSXHVWRTXHWDPELpQSXHGHHVWDEOHFHUVHHQHOSODQRMXULVSUXGHQFLDO(Q

FXDOTXLHUFDVR\DHIHFWRVGHVHJXULGDGMXUtGLFDHVLPSRUWDQWHODUHFHSFLyQOH

JDOH[SUHVDGHODGRFWULQDGHODJRWDPLHQWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOUHFHSFLyQTXHSDUD

JR]DUGHPD\RUDPSOLWXGSXHGHHVSHFLIFDUTXHORVGHUHFKRVVHDJRWDQFXDQGR

HOSURGXFWRKDVLGRSXHVWRHQHOPHUFDGROHJDOPHQWH

 /,&(1&,$61292/817$5,$6

A. Las disposiciones del ADPIC relativas a las licencias

no voluntarias

/DVOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDV©QRQDFHQGHODYROXQWDGOLEUH\DXWyQRPD

GHODVSDUWHVVLQRTXHH[LVWHXQDLQWHUYHQFLyQGHO(VWDGRTXHLPSRQHOD

FRQVWLWXFLyQIRU]RVD GH UHODFLRQHV MXUtGLFDVª (Q WpUPLQRV VXFLQWRV

ODVOLFHQFLDVQRYROXQWDULDVFRQVLVWHQHQODDXWRUL]DFLyQSRUSDUWHGHOJR

ELHUQRRGHXQyUJDQRMXGLFLDODXQWHUFHURSDUDTXHXWLOLFHODLQYHQFLyQ

SURWHJLGDSRU XQ GHUHFKR GH SURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO ²HQ HO FDVR GHORV

IiUPDFRVKDELWXDOPHQWHXQD SDWHQWH²VLQHOFRQVHQWLPLHQWRGHO WLWXODU

(OEHQHIFLDGRSRUODOLFHQFLDSXHGHVHUHOPLVPR(VWDGRXQDHPSUHVDR

FXDOTXLHURWURLQWHUHVDGRTXHHQODPD\RUtDGHFDVRVGHEHUiFRPSHQVDU

HFRQyPLFDPHQWHDOWLWXODUGHODSDWHQWH FX\RGHUHFKRVHWUDQVIRUPDGH

ODH[SORWDFLyQH[FOXVLYDDODSHUFHSFLyQGHXQFDQRQ

 86&G

 6)08681*8\&2+The use of f‌l exibilities in TRIPS by developing countries. Can they pro-

mote access to medicines?, *HQHYD6RXWK&HQWUH:+2SVidVXFXDGURGHO$QH[R,,

 (OFDVRVXGDIULFDQRTXL]iV VHDHOPiVFRQRFLGR$QWHODSDQGHPLDGH9,+6,'$ 6XGi

IULFDDGRSWyHQ OD Medicines and Related Substances Control Act FX\RDUW& UHFRJHOD

GRFWULQDGHODJRWDPLHQWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO6LQHPEDUJR GLFKDOH\VH UHEDWLyHQXQ GREOHSODQR (Q

LQWHUQRSRUSDUWHGHXQDFRDOLFLyQGH FRPSDxtDVIDUPDFpXWLFDV\HQHOLQWHUQDFLRQDOSRU SDUWH

GH(VWDGRV8QLGRV

 (MHPSORVGHHVWDVGLVSRVLFLRQHVVRQHODUWc)GHOD/H\GH3DWHQWHVDUJHQWLQDQ~P

GH\OD6HFFLyQ&GHODMedicines and Related Substances Control Act VXGDIULFDQD

 eVWHHVHOFDVRGHODOH\GHSDWHQWHVDUJHQWLQDTXHDI UPDTXHORVGHUHFKRVVHDJRWDQFXDQGR

HOSURGXFWR©KDVLGR OHJDOPHQWHVLWXDGR HQHO PHUFDGRGH FXDOTXLHUSDtVª$O KDFHUGHSHQGHU HO

DJRWDPLHQWRGHODOHJDOLGDGGHODSXHVWDHQHOPHUFDGRWDPELpQORVSURGXFWRVHQPHUFDGRVH[WUDQ

MHURVREMHWRGHOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVVHSRGUiQLPSRUWDU

 6HJ~QODFRQVWLWXFLyQGHODOLFHQFLDVH GLVWLQJXHHQWUH OLFHQFLDVYROXQWDULDVOLFHQFLDV GH

SOHQRGHUHFKR\OLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDV-$*Ï0(=6(*$'(©/LFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVHLQYHQFLRQHV

IDUPDFpXWLFDVªHQ$%(5&29,7=52'5Ë*8(=&$12GLULa protección jurídica de las invenciones

y la industria químico-farmacéutica0DGULG0RQWHFRUYRSS

 3528%,(5Le droit de la la propriété industrielleW,,3DUtVSFLWDGRGH-$

*Ï0(=6(*$'(©/LFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVHLQYHQFLRQHVIDUPDFpXWLFDVªop. cit.S

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

'HVGHHORULJHQ GHOVLVWHPDPRGHUQRGHSURWHFFLyQGHOD SURSLHGDG

LQWHOHFWXDOODVOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVVHFRQVLGHUDQXQLQVWUXPHQWRGHSR

OtWLFDS~EOLFD \ ©XQDFRQFLOLDFLyQDIRUWXQDGD GH ODSURWHFFLyQGH ODV

LQYHQFLRQHVFRQODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHODFRPXQLGDGª (QHOiPELWR IDU

PDFpXWLFRODVOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVVRQXQLQVWUXPHQWRLPSRUWDQWHSDUD

UHDFFLRQDUIUHQWHD ORVDEXVRVGHORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO

IRPHQWDUOD FRPSHWHQFLD \ KDFHU PiV DVHTXLEOHV ORV PHGLFDPHQWRV

6HDIUPDLQFOXVRTXHVRQ©HOLQVWUXPHQWRGHSROtWLFDS~EOLFDPiVLPSRU

WDQWHªDVHYHUDFLyQTXHVLELHQQRVHFRPSDUWHHQWRGDVXH[WHQVLyQVt

LOXVWUDOD LPSRUWDQFLDTXHVH OHVDWULEX\H (V GHFLUSDUDUHVDOWDUTXH OD

OLFHQFLDREOLJDWRULDVLUYHSDUDOLPLWDUHOHMHUFLFLRGHGHUHFKRVSULYDGRVHQ

EHQHIFLRGHOLQWHUpVJHQHUDO\TXH©HQPDWHULDGHLQYHQFLRQHVIDUPD

FpXWLFDVQRGHEHQMXJDU~QLFDPHQWHUD]RQHVHFRQyPLFDVRGHGHVDUUROOR

LQGXVWULDOVLQRUD]RQHVVRFLDOHV\KXPDQLWDULDVª

(ODUW GHO $'3,& LQWHQWDQGR GLVIHUHQFLDUVH GHODVH[FHSFLRQHV

GHODUWVHUHIHUHDORV©RWURVXVRVVLQHOFRQVHQWLPLHQWRGHOWLWXODUª

TXHVRQORVTXH SHUPLWHQ ODV OLFHQFLDV REOLJDWRULDV (QWUH ORV PRWLYRV

TXHSHUPLWHQ VX FRQFHVLyQHO$'3,&PHQFLRQDD WtWXORGHHMHPSORORV

FDVRVGH XVRS~EOLFR QRFRPHUFLDOHPHUJHQFLDQDFLRQDORH[WUHPDXU

JHQFLDGHSHQGHQFLDGHSDWHQWHV\UHVSXHVWDDSUiFWLFDVDQWLFRPSHWLWLYDV

$SHVDUGHODH[SUHVDUHIHUHQFLDDHVWRVPRWLYRV\DTXHORVPLVPRVQR

VRQORV~QLFRVORFLHUWRHV TXHODFRQFHVLyQGHOLFHQFLDV REOLJDWRULDV

HQSDtVHV HQGHVDUUROORKD HQFRQWUDGR ODIpUUHD RSRVLFLyQ GHORVSDtVHV

GHVDUUROODGRV\VXVLQGXVWULDVTXHVLQHPEDUJRODVRWRUJDQFRQIUXLFLyQ

DVXVSURSLDVHPSUHVDV%HOLJHUDQFLDIUHQWHDODFXDOQLWDQVLTXLHUDOD

'HFODUDFLyQGH'RKDTXHUHDIUPy\HQIDWL]yODIH[LELOLGDGSDUDFRQFH

GHUOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVKDSDUHFLGRLPSRUWDU

 $VtSRUHMHPSORHO&RQJUHVRGH9LHQDGHUHFRQRFLyODSURWHFFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDOGH

ODVSDWHQWHVDODYH]TXHDSR\yODVOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVFRPRXQLQVWUXPHQWRGHSROtWLFDS~EOLFD

&0$< \6 . 6(//Intellectual Property Rights. A Critical History %RXOGHU/RQGRQ /\QQH

5LHQQHUS

 - $ *Ï0(= 6(*$'( ©/LFHQFLDV REOLJDWRULDV H LQYHQFLRQHV IDUPDFpXWLFDVª op. cit.

S

 &&255($Integrando la Salud Pública... op. cit.S

 352))(&63(11(0$11\ -921%5$81 ©)URP3DULV WR'RKDWKH :72'RKD'HFOD

UDWLRQDQGWKH75,36$JUHHPHQWªHQ 352))(*7$16(<\' 9,9$6(8*8,HGVNegotiating

Health/RQGRQ(DUWKVFDQS

 81&7$',&76'op. cit.,S

 - $ *Ï0(= 6(*$'( ©/LFHQFLDV REOLJDWRULDV H LQYHQFLRQHV IDUPDFpXWLFDVª op. cit.

S

 6HKDQSURSXHVWRFRPRPRWLYRVDGLFLRQDOHVDORVPHQFLRQDGRVHQWUHRWURVODSURWHFFLyQ

GHOPHGLRDPELHQWHOD GHSHQGHQFLDGHSDWHQWHV HOUHFKD]RD H[SORWDUODSDWHQWH \HOUHFKD]RGH

OLFHQFLDYROXQWDULD& &255($©7KH 8UXJXD\5RXQG DQG'UXJVªHQ )/2%2\ *9(/È648(=

HGVMedicines and the New Economic Environment 0DGULG &LYLWDV  SS Vid

WDPELpQ&&255($©(FRQRPtDGHODVSDWHQWHVªop. cit,SS

VidSDUDXQGHWDOOHGHFDVRV;6(8%$+(51È1'(=Naturaleza y fundamento de las licen-

cias obligatoriasKWWSZZZLIDUPDRUJZHE"S RFWXEUHGH

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

6LELHQHO$'3,& HVIH[LEOHFRQ UHVSHFWRDORVPRWLYRVTXHSHUPL

WHQRWRUJDUOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVHO$FXHUGRUHVXOWDPiVHVWULFWRFRQODV

FRQGLFLRQHVTXHGHEHQFXPSOLUVH TXHYDUtDQ VHJ~QHO IXQGDPHQWRTXH

VLUYHSDUDODFRQFHVLyQGHOD OLFHQFLD$VtHO$'3,&REOLJDDPDQWHQHU

FRQWDFWRVFRQHOWLWXODUGHODSDWHQWHDQWHVGHODFRQFHVLyQGHODOLFHQFLD

FRQHOREMHWLYRGHDFRUGDUHQWpUPLQRVFRPHUFLDOHVUD]RQDEOHVXQDOL

FHQFLDYROXQWDULD /D REOLJDFLyQGHFRQWDFWRVSUHYLRV VLQ HPEDUJRVH

H[FHSW~DHQFDVRVGHXVRS~EOLFRQRFRPHUFLDOUHVSXHVWDDSUiFWLFDVDQ

WLFRPSHWLWLYDV\HPHUJHQFLDQDFLRQDORH[WUHPDXUJHQFLD3RU RWURODGR

HO$'3,&WDPELpQSUHYpTXHODFRQFHVLyQQRSXHGHVHUH[FOXVLYDGHEH

HYDOXDUVHFDVRSRUFDVRKDGHDFRPSDxDUVHGHXQDDGHFXDGDUHPXQH

UDFLyQTXHWRPHHQFRQVLGHUDFLyQHOYDORUGHHFRQyPLFRGHODDXWRUL]D

FLyQVXGXUDFLyQGHEHVHUODQHFHVDULDSDUDDOFDQ]DUHOREMHWLYRSHUVH

JXLGRVHWLHQHTXHSRGHUGDUSRUWHUPLQDGDFXDQGRODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDV

TXHODPRWLYDURQGHMDQGHH[LVWLU\HQODPD\RUtDGHFDVRVHOSURGXFWR

REWHQLGR²WDQWRSRUSURGXFFLyQQDFLRQDOFRPRSRULPSRUWDFLyQ²GHEH

GHVWLQDUVHSULQFLSDOPHQWHDDEDVWHFHUHOPHUFDGRLQWHUQR$VLPLVPR

GHEHQSUHYHUVH FDXFHV SDUDODUHYLVLyQLQGHSHQGLHQWH SRU SDUWH GHXQD

LQVWDQFLDGLVWLQWDDODTXHFRQFHGLyODOLFHQFLDQRYROXQWDULDGHODVGHFL

VLRQHVTXHURGHDQODDXWRUL]DFLyQ\HOPRQWRGHODPLVPD

B. Su clarif‌i cación en la Declaración de Doha

de la Conferencia Ministerial y en la Decisión

de 30 de agosto de 2003 del Consejo General

$SHVDUGHVXDGHFXDFLyQDO$'3,&\VXXVRLQWHQVLYRHQORVSDtVHVGH

VDUUROODGRVODFRQFHVLyQGHOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVHQSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROOR

KDVLGRGXUDPHQWHFULWLFDGDSRUORVSDtVHVGHVDUUROODGRV\VXVHPSUHVDV

8QFDVRUHFLHQWHHVHOGH7DLODQGLDWUDVRWRUJDUGLYHUVDVOLFHQFLDVREOLJD

WRULDVSOHQDPHQWHFRQIRUPHVFRQVXOHJLVODFLyQLQWHUQD\FRQHO$'3,&

HQPDUFDGDVHQ OD SURYLVLyQ S~EOLFD GHORVIiUPDFRV UHFRJLGRV HQ OLVWD

WDLODQGHVDGHPHGLFDPHQWRV HVHQFLDOHV 7DLODQGLDKDVLGRVHYHUDPHQWH

FULWLFDGDSRUORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV\FODVLIFDGDHQOD/LVWD3ULRULWDULD

 'LFKDSUHYLVLyQ VHGLULJHD HYLWDUOLFHQFLDV REOLJDWRULDVVREUHVHFWRUHV GHODWHFQRORJtD

SRUFRPSOHWR

 (OFiOFXORGHOroyaltyHV PX\YDULDEOHSXHVWRTXH HOYDORUHFRQyPLFR GHODDXWRUL]DFLyQ

DOTXH DOXGH HO$'3,& GHEHWRPDU HQ FXHQWD FXHVWLRQHVFRPR HO WDPDxRGHO PHUFDGR ODDQWL

JHGDGGHODWHFQRORJtDODFRPSHWHQFLDGH ORVVXVWLWXWRV\ODFREHUWXUDGH ODSDWHQWH&&255($

©(FRQRPtDGHODVSDWHQWHVª op. citS6H KDQGHVDUUROODGRJXtDVSDUD RIUHFHUUHVXOWDGRV

SUHYLVLEOHVVid-/29( Remuneration guidelines for non-voluntary use of a patent on medical

technologies, *HQHYD:+2

 /RTXHLQFOX\H SHUIHFWDPHQWHSURORQJDUOD OLFHQFLDKDVWDODIHFKD GHYHQFLPLHQWRGH OD

SDWHQWH

 1RSRUHMHPSORVLVHKDRWRUJDGRXQDOLFHQFLDREOLJDWRULDSDUDSRQHUUHPHGLRDSUiFWLFDV

TXHDUHVXOWDVGHXQSURFHVRMXGLFLDORDGPLQLVWUDWLYRVHGHWHUPLQHTXHVRQDQWLFRPSHWLWLYDV

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

$VLPLVPRHQPDU]RGHOD8QLyQ(XURSHDFRQVLGHUDEDVROLFLWDUODV

SUHFHSWLYDVFRQVXOWDVSUHYLDVD7DLODQGLDDQWHVGHSODQWHDUDQWHXQ*UXSR

(VSHFLDOGHOD20&ODFRQFHVLyQGHOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDV

$SHVDUGHTXHpVWH\RWURVFDVRVHYLGHQFLDQTXHSDUDDOJXQRVSDtVHV

\EORTXHVUHJLRQDOHVORGLVSXHVWRHQHO$'3,&\OD'HFODUDFLyQGH'RKD

FRQUHVSHFWR D ODV OLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVWLHQH XQ YDORU UHODWLYROD'H

FODUDFLyQUHFRJHHQHOVXESiUUDIRb)©HOGHUHFKRGHFRQFHGHUOLFHQFLDV

REOLJDWRULDV\ OD OLEHUWDG SDUD GHWHUPLQDU ODV EDVHV VREUH ODV FXDOHVVH

FRQFHGHQWDOHV OLFHQFLDVª$O FRQMXJDUOR FRQHODUW GHO$FXHUGR VH

FRQIUPDQODVFRQGLFLRQHVDQWHVPHQFLRQDGDV SDUD VXFRQFHVLyQ SHUR

WDPELpQODDXVHQFLDGHOtPLWHVHQORVIXQGDPHQWRVGHODPLVPDVLHQGR

ODDSRUWDFLyQSULQFLSDOGHHVWHVXESiUUDIRHOHPSOHRH[SUHVRGHOWpUPLQR

©OLFHQFLDREOLJDWRULDª$GHPiVODGHIQLFLyQGHORTXHFRQVWLWX\HXQD

©HPHUJHQFLDQDFLRQDOXRWUDVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVGHH[WUHPDXUJHQFLDªTXHGD

HQPDQRVGHFDGD0LHPEUR

(OSiUUDIR GHOD 'HFODUDFLyQ GH'RKDHPSOD]y DO &RQVHMRGH ORV

$'3,&DHQFRQWUDUXQDVROXFLyQH[SHGLWDDOSUREOHPDGHORVSDtVHVVLQ

FDSDFLGDGGHIDEULFDFLyQDORVTXHHQFRQVHFXHQFLDGHSRFRVLUYHOD

IH[LELOLGDGUHDIUPDGDFRQUHVSHFWRDODFRQFHVLyQ GHOLFHQFLDV REOLJD

WRULDV6LELHQVHHPSOD]yDO&RQVHMRDUHVROYHUHVWHDVXQWRDQWHVGHOIQ

GHODxR\VHOOHJyDXQDFXHUGRHQGLFLHPEUHGHHVHDxRHOPLVPR

IXHEORTXHDGRSRU(VWDGRV8QLGRV/DVQHJRFLDFLRQHVFRQWLQXDURQHQ

KDVWD TXHSRFRVGtDV DQWHV GHOLQLFLRGH OD &RQIHUHQFLD0LQLVWH

ULDOGH&DQF~QVHOOHJyDODFXHUGRUHFRJLGRHQOD'HFLVLyQGHO&RQVHMR

*HQHUDOGHGHDJRVWRGH3HVHDSUHVHQWDUVHFRPRODVROXFLyQ

DO~OWLPRREVWiFXORTXHH[LVWHHQHOVHQRGHOD20&SDUDHODFFHVRDORV

IiUPDFRVQRVyORODV FUtWLFDVD ODPLVPD VLQRORVKHFKRV SRVWHULRUHV

KDQFRQIUPDGRTXHOD'HFLVLyQHVWDEOHFHXQVLVWHPDSRFRYLDEOH

 335$758$1*.5$,©(8WRDVN:72WRUXOH RQ7KDLODQG¶V'UXJ/LFHQVLQJªThe Nation

GHPDU]RGH

 $%%27VHxDODTXH OR GLVSXHVWRHQHO b) VHGHGXFH \DGHO DUWGHO$'3,& SHURTXH

LQWURGXFLUORUHVXOWD~WLOSRUFXiQWRODVIDUPDFpXWLFDV \FLHUWRV(VWDGRVOR FXHVWLRQDEDQ)$%%27

:72ªJournal of International Economic Law, YRO. Q~P, SS

 6XESiUUDIRc) OR TXH UHVXOWD LPSRUWDQWH SDUD OD FRQFHVLyQ GHOLFHQFLDV REOLJDWRULDV

ODVH[FHSFLRQHVVHJ~QHO DUWRODDGRSFLyQGH PHGLGDVSHUPLWLGDVSRUHO DUWGHO$FXHUGR

(QWRGRFDVR ODQRH[LVWHQFLD GHODHPHUJHQFLDGHEHUi VHUUHEDWLGDSRU DTXHORWUR0LHPEUR TXH

SUHVHQWHXQDUHFODPDFLyQ

 6HWUDWDEDGHOFRQRFLGRFRPR©WH[WR0RWWDª(VWDGRV8QLGRVTXHUtDTXHHODFXHUGRHVSH

FLIFDUDHQIHUPHGDGHV\SDtVHVHVSHFtIFRVEHQHIFLDULRV\TXH OLPLWDUDHOVLVWHPDD HPHUJHQFLDV

$OUHVSHFWRGHODUHDFFLyQGHOSUHVLGHQWHGHOD20&\GHODYROXQWDGGHOLPLWDUODVHQIHUPHGDGHV

20&Supachai lamenta la falta de acuerdo en relación a las cuestiones de salud y desarrollo

FRPXQLFDGRGHSUHQVD35(66GHGLFLHPEUHGH

 &RQVHMR*HQHUDO'HFLVLyQVREUHOD «Implementación del párrafo 6 de la Declaración de

Doha»,,3&:

 :72Decision removes f‌i nal patent obstacle to cheap drug imports,:72'RF3UHVV

5HY

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

(ODUWf)SUHYpTXHHOREMHWRGHODVOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVHVSULQFL

SDOPHQWHODVDWLVIDFFLyQGHOPHUFDGRLQWHUQRORTXHOLPLWDODH[SRUWDFLyQ

GHFRPRPtQLPRHOSRUGHOSURGXFWRREWHQLGREDMROLFHQFLDREOL

JDWRULDKDFLDRWURV0LHPEURV LQFOXLGRVORV TXHQRWLHQHQFDSDFLGDGGH

IDEULFDFLyQ(QUHVSXHVWDDHVWD OLPLWDFLyQOD'HFLVLyQGH GHDJRVWR

GHGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHSDtVHVH[SRUWDGRUHV HLPSRUWDGRUHV\H[LPHD

ORVH[SRUWDGRUHVHQORVTXHHOSURGXFWRGHLQWHUpVHVWpSDWHQWDGRGHOFXP

SOLPLHQWRGHODUWf) 3DUDTXHXQSDtVLPSRUWDGRU SXHGDEHQHIFLDUVH

GHOVLVWHPDGHEHUiQRWLIFDUDO&RQVHMRGHORV$'3,&VXLQFDSDFLGDGGH

SURGXFFLyQHOSURGXFWR\ODFDQWLGDGVROLFLWDGD\FRQIUPDUVXLQWHQ

FLyQGHRWRUJDUXQDOLFHQFLD3RUVXSDUWHODHPSUHVDGHTXHVHWUDWHHQHO

SDtVH[SRUWDGRUVyORSRGUiSURGXFLUODFDQWLGDGVROLFLWDGDTXHGHEHUiVHU

LGHQWLIFDGDFRPRVRPHWLGDDHVWHSURFHVR\DQXQFLDGDFRQDQWHULRULGDG

DOHQYtRHQODSiJLQDwebFUHDGDDWDOHIHFWRHVSHFLIFDQGRODFDQWLGDGHO

GHVWLQR\ODVPDUFDVGLVWLQWLYDVTXHODDFRPSDxDQ$VLPLVPRHOSDJRGH

ODLQGHPQL]DFLyQTXHHVWLSXODHODUWh)GHO$'3,&VHHIHFWXDUiSRUHO

SDtVLPSRUWDGRUDOH[SRUWDGRUGHPRGRTXHTXHGDH[LPLGRGHKDFHURWUR

SDJRSRUODOLFHQFLDTXHH[WLHQGD

/RVSDtVHVSXHGHQXWLOL]DU HOVLVWHPD HQVXWRWDOLGDG RGHFODUDU TXH

VyORORKDUiQGHIRUPDOLPLWDGDSRUHMHPSORHQFDVRGHHPHUJHQFLDQD

FLRQDOH[WUHPDXUJHQFLDRXVRS~EOLFRQRFRPHUFLDO'HKHFKRDOJXQRV

SDtVHVKDQUHQXQFLDGR DOD SRVLELOLGDGGHVHULPSRUWDGRUHV\RWURVKDQ

DIUPDGRTXHVyORORVHUiQHQFDVRGHHPHUJHQFLD/RVSDtVHVGHEHQHYLWDU

ODUHH[SRUWDFLyQGHORVSURGXFWRVREWHQLGRVDWUDYpVGHHVWHVLVWHPD\ORV

SDtVHVTXHQRKDQLPSRUWDGRORVSURGXFWRVGHEHQLQFRUSRUDUPHFDQLVPRV

OHJDOHVSDUDSUHYHQLUODLPSRUWDFLyQ\YHQWDHQVXWHUULWRULR$GHPiVORV

SDtVHVTXHIRUPHQSDUWHGHXQVLVWHPDGHLQWHJUDFLyQUHJLRQDOHQHOTXH

SRUORPHQRVODPLWDGGHVXVPLHPEURVVHDQpaíses menos adelantados

TXHGDQH[LPLGRVGHOUHTXLVLWRGHFRQVXPRQDFLRQDOGHORVIiUPDFRV\HO

SURGXFWRSXHGHUHH[SRUWDUVHHQHOiUHDGHLQWHJUDFLyQ

/D 'HFLVLyQ IXH SUHFHGLGD SRU XQD GHFODUDFLyQ GHO 3UHVLGHQWH GHO

&RQVHMR*HQHUDOTXH©UHSUHVHQWDYDULRVHQWHQGLPLHQWRVFODYHFRPSDUWL

GRVSRUORV0LHPEURVFRQUHVSHFWRDOD'HFLVLyQª(QSULPHUOXJDUOD

GHFODUDFLyQDIUPDTXH HOPHFDQLVPRQR SXHGHVHUHPSOHDGRFRQIQHV

FRPHUFLDOHV,QVLVWHDGHPiVHQODQHFHVLGDGGHHYLWDUFXDOTXLHUGHVYLD

 (QFXDQWRDODGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHFXiOHVVRQORVSDtVHVTXHQRWLHQHQFDSDFLGDGGHIDEULFD

FLyQHOORVHGDSRUVXSXHVWRHQORVSDtVHVPHQRVDGHODQWDGRVPLHQWUDVTXHSDUDODGHWHUPLQDFLyQ

GHOUHVWRR ELHQHO 0LHPEURKD GHPRVWUDGRTXH QRWLHQH FDSDFLGDGGH IDEULFDFLyQR ELHQGHEH

GHPRVWUDUTXHVXFDSDFLGDGHVLQVXIFLHQWHSDUDVDWLVIDFHUVXVQHFHVLGDGHV

 (O%DQFR0XQGLDOKDHODERUDGRXQGRFXPHQWRTXHUHFRJHSRVLEOHVPRGHORVGHIRUPXODULR

ROHJLVODFLyQSDUDDGHFXDUVHDORV SDVRVTXHH[LJHHOPHFDQLVPR )0$%%27\538<0%52(&.

Compulsory licensing for public health. A Guide and Model Documents for Implementation of the

Doha Declaration Paragraph 6 Decision:DVKLQJWRQ'&:ROG%DQNworking paperQ~P



 (QZZZZWRRUJHQJOLVKQHZVBHSUHVBHSUBHKWPPD\RGH

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

FLyQHQ HO VXPLQLVWURGHORV PHGLFDPHQWRV SDUDORTXHFLWDD WtWXORGH

HMHPSORORV PHFDQLVPRV HPSOHDGRVSRU FRPSDxtDVIDUPDFpXWLFDV SDUD

VHJPHQWDUPHUFDGRV$XQTXHOD'HFLVLyQQRORSUHYpODGHFODUDFLyQGHO

SUHVLGHQWHDIUPDTXHGHEHUiLQIRUPDUVHDFHUFDGHOPRGRHQTXHVHKX

ELHUHGHPRVWUDGROD LQFDSDFLGDG GH IDEULFDFLyQ (QIDWL]D WDPELpQ TXH

FXDOTXLHUFXHVWLyQ\HOH[DPHQSHULyGLFRGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOPHFD

QLVPRHVWDUiQHQPDQRVGHO&RQVHMRVREUHORV$'3,&

/DDSOLFDFLyQGHOD'HFLVLyQHVYLVWDFRQHVFHSWLFLVPRSRUSDUWHGH

ORVSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROORDFDGpPLFRV\21*TXHFRLQFLGHQHQTXH©ORV

SUREOHPDVFRQHVWHVLVWHPDVRQEiVLFDPHQWHGH SURFHGLPLHQWRª 6H

DIUPDTXHpVWDKDHVWDEOHFLGRXQUpJLPHQFRPSOLFDGR\SRFRDWUDFWLYR

WDQWRSDUDSDtVHVFRPRSDUDSURGXFWRUHVGHIiUPDFRVTXHGLItFLOPHQ

WHWHQGUiQ LQWHUpV HQ ODIDEULFDFLyQEDMR HO PLVPR (QSULPHUOXJDUDO

DIUPDUTXHPHGLDQWHHOPHFDQLVPRVyORSXHGHEXVFDUVH SURWHJHUODVD

OXGS~EOLFD\TXHGHEHQH[FOXLUVHREMHWLYRVFRPHUFLDOHVVHFRQWUDSRQHQ

GRVDVSHFWRVLQGLVRFLDEOHVHQHODEDUDWDPLHQWRGHORVPHGLFDPHQWRV/DV

PHGLFLQDVPiVDVHTXLEOHVVRQDTXHOODVTXHIDEULFDQYDULDVHPSUHVDVTXH

FRPRWDOHVSHUVLJXHQIQHVFRPHUFLDOHV\FRPSLWHQHQWUHVt$OLPSRQHU

XQDFRUUHODFLyQ HQWUH XQDHQIHUPHGDGXQ LPSRUWDGRUXQDOLFHQFLD XQ

H[SRUWDGRU\XQDHPSUHVDODGHFLVLyQOLPLWDHOQ~PHURGHDFWRUHVHQHO

PHUFDGR\ORIUDJPHQWDHQVXEPHUFDGRVSRFRDWUDFWLYRVSDUDORVIDEULFDQ

WHVGHJHQpULFRV$OLJQRUDUTXHODFRPSHWHQFLDHVWiGHWUiVGHODVUHGXF

FLRQHVGHSUHFLRVGHORV~OWLPRVDxRVVHROYLGDTXHVRQODVHPSUHVDVODV

TXHWHQGUiQTXHSURGXFLUORVIiUPDFRV\TXHQRORYDQDKDFHUDPHQRV

TXHOHVUHVXOWHUHQWDEOH

(Q VHJXQGR OXJDU YDULRV UHTXLVLWRV RSHUDWLYRV QR VRQ DGHFXDGRV

$VtHOHWLTXHWDMH\FRQWUROGHOPHGLFDPHQWRDxDGHQXQFRVWRVXVWDQFLDO

DXQ SURGXFWRTXH GHEHPDQWHQHUVHPX\ FHUFDGHOFRVWH PDUJLQDOSDUD

UHVXOWDUFRPSHWLWLYR\DVHTXLEOH3RURWURODGRDOPHQFLRQDUHOSUHVLGHQ

WHGHO&RQVHMR*HQHUDOHQVXGHFODUDFLyQFLHUWDVSUiFWLFDVGHFRPSDxtDV

IDUPDFpXWLFDVHTXLSDUDFRQGRQDFLRQHV\GHVFXHQWRVHVSHFLDOHVORTXH

SDUDVHU RSHUDWLYR GHEH VHU XQ VLVWHPD EDVDGR HQ OD FRPSHWHQFLDQR

HQODEHQHIFHQFLD,JXDOPHQWHUHVXOWD GLItFLOGHPRVWUDU TXHXQ SDtVQR

WLHQHFDSDFLGDG GHIDEULFDFLyQ (QWUHRWUDVGXGDVVH SODQWHDVLVHUHIH

UHDLQFDSDFLGDGWpFQLFDHFRQyPLFDRDPEDV,JXDOPHQWHVHSODQWHDVL

GHEHWUDWDUVH GH XQDLQFDSDFLGDGWRWDOR EDVWD FRQTXHOD FRPSDUDFLyQ

 '9$9(5\6%$6+((5op. cit.S

 . 7,00(50$16 ©(QVXULQJ $FFHVV WR 0HGLFLQHV LQ  DQG %H\RQGª HQ 352))(

*7$16(<\'9,9$6(8*8,HGVop. cit.S

 &RPRDQWLFLSy &255($©VXSHUDUORVREVWiFXORV QRUPDWLYRVD ODH[SRUWDFLyQ QRWHQGUtD

PXFKRVHQWLGR VL QR KD\QLQJXQD HPSUHVD LQWHUHVDGD HQ VXPLQLVWUDUORV IiUPDFRV QHFHVDULRV D

EDMRFRVWHª&&255($Repercusiones de la Declaración..., op. cit S(QXQVHQWLGRVLPLODU

$0&%(7+©:KHQ QRERG\FRPHV WRWKH SDUW\ ZK\KDYH QRVWDWHV XVHG WKH:72 VFKHPHIRU

FRPSXOVRU\OLFHQVLQJRIHVVHQWLDOPHGLFLQHV"ªNew Zeland Yearbook of International Law,YRO

S

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

FRQ RWURV SDtVHV GHPXHVWUH OD SRFD YLDELOLGDG GH OD SURGXFFLyQ ORFDO

$GHPiVWDPSRFR HVWi FODUR VLHVWDLQFDSDFLGDG GHEH DIHFWDU DWRGRHO

VHFWRUIDUPDFpXWLFRREDVWDFRQTXHVHSURGX]FDFRQUHVSHFWRDXQIiUPD

FRHVSHFtIFR

3RURWURODGRDGHPiVGHRWRUJDUOHXQDLPSRUWDQWHFDUJD DGPLQLV

WUDWLYD VREUH HO PHFDQLVPRGHQRWLIFDFLRQHV GH FRQWUDWRVFDQWLGDGHV

\EHQHIFLDULRVTXH QRWHQtDHO REMHWLYRGHODUHPLVLyQGHODVSRVLEOHV

FRQWURYHUVLDVDO &RQVHMRGHORV$'3,& UHVXOWDSRFR FODUR /RV SDtVHV

HQGHVDUUROORWHPHQTXH VHDRWURPHFDQLVPRGHSUHVLyQVREUH ORVSDt

VHVTXHGHFLGDQXWLOL]DUHVWHVLVWHPD(QHVWHVHQWLGRODQDWXUDOH]DGHO

WUiPLWH DQWHHO&RQVHMR GH ORV$'3,&QR HVWi FODUD (VWDGRV 8QLGRV

DIUPDTXHODYDOLGH]GHO SURFHVRUHTXLHUH ODDXWRUL]DFLyQGHO&RQVHMR

GH ORV $'3,& PLHQWU DV TXH ORV SDtVHV  HQ GHVDUUROOR DIUPDQ  TXH HO

WUiPLWHDQWHHO&RQVHMRHVXQDPHUDQRWLIFDFLyQ$VLPLVPRWDPELpQ

HVFULWLFDEOHOLPLWDUODH[HQFLyQGHFRQVXPRQDFLRQDODORVLQWHJUDQWHV

GH]RQDVGHLQWHJUDFLyQUHJLRQDOFRQPiVGHODPLWDGGHVXVPLHPEURV

HQODOLVWDGH©SDtVHVPHQRVGHVDUUROODGRVª(VWHUHTXLVLWRH[FOX\HSRU

HMHPSORDOD RUJDQL]DFLyQGHLQWHJUDFLyQUHJLRQDO DIULFDQDPiV DFWLYD

\TXHDJOXWLQDDORVSDtVHVFRQORVPD\RUSUHYDOHQFLDGH9,+6,'$OD

6RXWKHUQ$IULFDQ'HYHORSPHQW&RPPXQLW\SXHVWR TXHVyORFLQFRGH

VXVRQFHLQWHJUDQWHV IJXUDQ HQGLFKDOLVWD /DVFRQVHFXHQFLDVGHHVWD

GLVPLQXFLyQGHOPHUFDGR SRWHQFLDOGHODOLFHQFLD REOLJDWRULD VRQ LP

SRUWDQWHV SXHVWRTXH ORV SRWHQFLDOHV SURGXFWRUHV~QLFDPHQWHHVWDUiQ

LQWHUHVDGRV  HQ LQFXUULU HQ ORV  FRVWRV GHULYDGR V GH OD SURGXFFLyQ  GHO

IiUPDFRVLHOPHUFDGRHVDWUDFWLYR

(QFXDQWRDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHVHDEOHVGHODVROXFLyQSDUDHOSiUUD

IRVLVHTXHUtDHVWDEOHFHUXQUpJLPHQDWUDFWLYRODIDOWDGHUDWLIFDFLyQ

GHODHQPLHQGDDO$'3,&TXHLQFRUSRUDGLFKRVLVWHPD\ODIDOWDGHDSOL

FDFLyQGHOVLVWHPDGHPXHVWUDQFLQFRDxRVGHVSXpVGHODDGRSFLyQGH

OD'HFLVLyQWRGRORFRQWUDULR6LORTXHVHTXHUtDHUDXQVLVWHPDUiSLGR

\iJLO OD EXURFUDFLD\HO FDUiFWHU GHH[FHSFLyQGHO PLVPR ORLPSLGHQ

6LQR GHEtDOLPLWDUVHD PHGLFDPHQWRV\D HTXLSRVGHGLDJQyVWLFR VLQR

TXHWDPELpQGHEtDLQFOXLUYDFXQDVH[LVWHQGXGDVDOUHVSHFWR6LVHTXH

UtDSUHVWDUHVSHFLDODWHQFLyQD ORVSDtVHV PiVDIHFWDGRV SRUHO 6,'$OD

SUHYLVLyQFRQ UHVSHFWRDODV ]RQDV GHLQWHJUDFLyQ QR EHQHIFLDD EXHQD

 ;6(8%$+(51È1'(=©3DWHQWHVIDUPDFpXWLFDV\GHUHFKR DODVDOXGODDUPRQL]DFLyQSR

VLEOHªop. citS

 5/$9$*1$©$FXHUGR$'3,&2SFLRQHVSDUD/DWLQRDPpULFDª&RQIHUHQFLD&HQWUDOGH

QRYLHPEUHGH I Congreso Internacional de Políticas Medicamentos, %XHQRV $LUHVQRWDV

SHUVRQDOHV

 6yORKD H[LVWLGRXQD H[WUDxDVROLFLWXG GH5XDQGD SDUDXWLOL]DUHO VLVWHPDHO DxR

([WUDxDSRUTXH HO PHGLFDPHQWR VROLFLWDGRVH HQFXHQWUD IXHUD GH SDWHQWHHQ OD ,QGLD \D PHMRU

SUHFLRTXHHOTXHVHYDDFRQVHJXLUHQ&DQDGiSDtVTXHDSDUHQWHPHQWHKDEUtDLPSXOVDGRD5XDQGD

DKDFHUXVRGHO VLVWHPDVid($1e5The WTO Decision on Compulsory Licensing6WRFNKROP

.RPPHUVNROOHJLXPS

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

SDUWHGHORVPLVPRV

HOPDUFR OHJDOODIDOWD GHUDWLIFDFLyQGH ODHQPLHQGD TXH LQFRUSRUDOD

'HFLVLyQLQGLFDWLYD GHO SRFR FRQYHQFLPLHQWR TXH H[LVWH HQ WRUQR DOD

PLVPDSRFRFRQWULEX\HDODPLVPD$HVWH~OWLPRUHVSHFWRVLQHPEDUJR

OD8QLyQ(XURSHDHVWiREOLJDQGRDVXVFULELUODHQPLHQGDDWUDYpVGHORV

DFXHUGRVFRPHUFLDOHV TXHQHJRFLD FRQORVSDtVHV HQGHVDUUROOR REOLJD

FLyQTXH DEUH XQ WHPD GH PiV DPSOLR DOFDQFH HOGHORVDFXHUGRVFRQ

GLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,&plus\$'3,&extra

III. LOS ACUERDOS CON DISPOSICIONES

ADPIC PLUS Y ADPIC EXTRA

&RQHOFRQWURYHUWLGR$'3,&FRPRHVWiQGDUPtQLPRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGH

SURWHFFLyQGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOVHKDQFHOHEUDGR\VHHVWiQQHJR

FLDQGRQXPHURVRVWUDWDGRVHQWUHSDtVHVHQWUHSDtVHV\EORTXHVUHJLRQD

OHV\HQWUHEORTXHVUHJLRQDOHVHQGHVDUUROOR\GHVDUUROODGRVTXHHOHYDQ

HOQLYHOGHSURWHFFLyQOLPLWDQODVIH[LELOLGDGHVDQWHULRUHV\SRVWHULRUHV

DOD FRQFHVLyQGHSDWHQWHV ]DQMDQDVXQWRVQR UHVXHOWRVHQHO$'3,&\

VHDGHQWUDQHQODUHJXODFLyQGHDVXQWRVQRSUHYLVWRVHQHO$'3,&$Vt

D~QDQWHVGH TXHHO$'3,& KD\DGHVSOHJDGRWRGRVVXVHIHFWRV\HQXQ

FRQWH[WRGH IUiJLO HTXLOLEULR HQ OD UHODFLyQ HQWUH HO $'3,& \ OD VDOXG

S~EOLFD\GHHVFHSWLFLVPR DFHUFDGH ODVYHQWDMDVTXHHO$'3,&VXSRQH

SDUDORVSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROORVHHVWiSURGXFLHQGRXQDUHYLVLyQFRQVWDQWH

\DO DO]DGH ORVHVWiQGDUHVGH SURWHFFLyQGH ODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO

'LFKDUHYLVLyQ \HQGXUHFLPLHQWRVH FRQFUHWDD WUDYpV GHXQD HVWUDWHJLD

GHFDPELRGHIRURDOWHUQDQGRHOELODWHUDO\HOUHJLRQDODXQTXHVLQRO

YLGDUHOPXOWLODWHUDOFRQODLQWHQFLyQGH©FRQYHUJHUQXHYDPHQWHVREUHOD

UHYLVLyQGHORVDFXHUGRVPXOWLODWHUDOHVFRPRORV$'3,&SDUDHVWDEOHFHU

DOOtXQHVFDOyQPiVDOWRGHHVWDQGDUL]DFLyQJOREDO>@\REWHQHUXQDPD

\RU\PHMRUJDUDQWL]DGDDFXPXODFLyQGHULTXH]DVWHFQROyJLFDVDTXLHQHV

\DOD WLHQHQª/DVGLVSRVLFLRQHV UHVXOWDQWHVGHHVWD HVWUDWHJLD VHKDQ

YHQLGR D GHQRPLQDU GLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,& plus \ extra, \ HQ UHODFLyQ

FRQORV PHGLFDPHQWRV ODVSULQFLSDOHVSUHRFXSDFLRQHV TXH VXVFLWDQVRQ

ODVGHULYDGDVGHODVREOLJDFLRQHVGHSURWHJHUORVGDWRVGHSUXHEDIDUPD

FpXWLFRVPHGLDQWHODFRQFHVLyQGHSHULRGRVGHH[FOXVLYLGDGFRQWDUFRQ

HOFRQVHQWLPLHQWRGHOWLWXODUGHODSDWHQWHSDUDSRGHURWRUJDUD WHUFHURV

HOSHUPLVR GHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ ODH[WHQVLyQGHO SHULRGRGH SURWHFFLyQ

PHGLDQWHSDWHQWHUHVWULQJLUHOXVRGHOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDV\GHLPSRU

 3'5$+26©6HFXULQJ WKH)XWXUH RI ,QWHOOHFWXDO3URSHUW\ ,QWHOOHFWXDO 3URSHUW\2ZQHUV

DQGWKHLU1RGDOO\&RRUGLQDWHG(QIRUFHPHQW3\UDPLGªCase Western Reserve Journal of Interna-

tional LawYROS

 6.6(//©75,36SOXVIUHHWUDGHDJUHHPHQWVDQGDFFHVVWRPHGLFLQHVªLiverpool Law

ReviewYROS

 -.256©/DHYROXFLyQGHO$FXHUGRVREUHORV$'3,&ªop. cit.,S

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

WDFLRQHVSDUDOHODV\H[SDQGLUODPDWHULDREMHWRGHSURWHFFLyQDOREOLJDU

DSDWHQWDUQXHYRVXVRV

 &21&(372$&8(5'26&21',6326,&,21(6

$'3,&PLUS$'3,&EXTRA

A. Concepto

/DVGLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,&plusVRQQXHYRVSDUiPHWURVGHSURWHFFLyQ

GHOD SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO TXH GLVFLSOLQDQGH IRUPD PiVHVWULFWD FXHV

WLRQHV SUHYLVWDV HQ HO$'3,& 6H GLIHUHQFLDQ DVt GH ODV GLVSRVLFLRQHV

$'3,&extra TXH VH GHIQHQSRU UHJXODU FXHVWLRQHV QRSUHYLVWDVHQ HO

$'3,&eVWDHVXQDGHOLPLWDFLyQLPSRUWDQWHDORVHIHFWRVGHGHWHUPLQDU

\GHOLPLWDUODVFRQVHFXHQFLDV GHO SULQFLSLR GHO WUDWR GH OD QDFLyQ PiV

IDYRUHFLGDTXHUHFRJH HO$'3,&$PERVWLSRV GHGLVSRVLFLRQHV VHSUH

YpQIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH HQDFXHUGRVELODWHUDOHV RPXOWLODWHUDOHVGH OLEUH

FRPHUFLR\HQWUDWDGRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOVLELHQHVSRVLEOHFRQVL

GHUDUGLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,&plusR$'3,&extraODVSUHYLVWDVHQWUDWDGRV

GHLQYHUVLRQHVH[WUDQMHUDV

(QORVDFXHUGRVFRQGLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,&plus ODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVUHOD

WLYDVDODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDODPSOtDQODPDWHULD REMHWRGH SURWHFFLyQ

FUHDQQXHYRVGHUHFKRVGHELOLWDQHO\DGHSRUVtGLVFXWLEOHWUDWRHVSHFLDO

\GLIHUHQFLDGRHQIDYRUGHORVSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROORPHQJXDQODVIH[LEL

OLGDGHVUHFRQRFLGDVHQHO$'3,&\FUHDQQXHYRVUHTXLVLWRVUHODWLYRVDO

UHVSHWR\ SURWHFFLyQORTXHHQVXPDUHVXOWDHQ XQDDUPRQL]DFLyQKDFLD

HVWiQGDUHVPiVHOHYDGRVGHSURWHFFLyQGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO/DV

GLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,&plusSXHGHQOLPLWDUODFDSDFLGDGGH ORV SDtVHV HQ

GHVDUUROORSDUD SURPRYHU OD LQQRYDFLyQ WHFQROyJLFD \ OD WUDQVIHUHQFLD

GHWHFQRORJtDOLPLWDUODUHDFFLyQDQWHDEXVRVGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO

\GLIFXOWDUODSURWHFFLyQGHODVDOXGS~EOLFDSRUORTXHVRQXQRGHORV

GHVDItRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDORVSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROOR\DSXQWDQDHOXGLU

\GHVQDWXUDOL]DUOD'HFODUDFLyQGH'RKD

&RQUHVSHFWRDODVDOXG\HODFFHVRDORVPHGLFDPHQWRVHVHVSHFLDO

PHQWHSUHRFXSDQWHTXH VH REOLJXH D SURWHJHU ORV GDWRV GH SUXHED IDU

PDFpXWLFRVSRUSHULRGRVGHH[FOXVLYLGDGTXHVHREOLJXHDFRQWDUFRQ

HOFRQVHQWLPLHQWRGHOWLWXODUGHODSDWHQWHSDUDSRGHURWRUJDUD WHUFHURV

HOSHUPLVRGHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQTXHVHDXPHQWHHOSHULRGRGH SURWHF

FLyQGHODVSDWHQWHVPHGLDQWHVXH[WHQVLyQFRQPRWLYRGHUHWUDVRVHQVX

RWRUJDPLHQWRRHQ OD FRQFHVLyQ GHO SHUPLVR GH FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ TXH

 '9,9$6(8*8,Acuerdos regionales y bilaterales y un mundo más allá de los ADPIC: El

Acuerdo de Libre Comercio de las Américas *LQHEUD4812'RFXPHQWRV7HPiWLFRVVREUHORV

$'3,&Q~PS

 -.256©/DHYROXFLyQGHO$FXHUGRVREUHORV$'3,&ªop. cit.S

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

VHUHVWULQMDHOXVRGHOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDV\GHLPSRUWDFLRQHVSDUDOHODV

\TXH VH H[SDQGDODPDWHULD REMHWR GHSURWHFFLyQREOLJDQGR D SDWHQWDU

QXHYRVXVRV

6LELHQHO$'3,&UHPLWHDOiPELWRPXOWLODWHUDOSDUDODDGRSFLyQGHHV

WiQGDUHVGHSURWHFFLyQGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO\DIUPDTXHORVSDtVHV

QRHVWiQREOLJDGRVDRWRUJDUXQDSURWHFFLyQPD\RUWDPELpQHVFLHUWR

PXOWLODWHUDOLVPRLQLFLDOPHQWH YLVXDOL]DGR HQ ORV$'3,& KD GDGR OXJDU

DXQ ELODWHUDOLVPRVRVWHQLGRFRQ PD\RUpQIDVLVSRU ORVSDtVHVULFRVª

FRQHOREMHWLYR GHUHLQWURGXFLUDTXHOODVFXHVWLRQHVTXH QRFRQVLJXLHURQ

LPSRQHUHQOD 5RQGD 8UXJXD\ (O SXQWR GH SDUWLGD GH ORV DFXHUGRV

FRQGLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,& plusHV HODUWGHO$'3,& TXHSUHYpTXH

ORV0LHPEURVSXHGHQDGRSWDUXQDSURWHFFLyQPiVH[WHQVDTXHODSUHYLV

WDHQ HO$'3,& GLVSRVLFLyQ TXH UHSOLFDQORVDFXHUGRV$'3,&plusHQ

VXDUWLFXODGR&XHVWLyQGLVWLQWDHVODDGRSFLyQGHVXFHVLYRVDFXHUGRV

IUXWRGHSUHVLRQHVGHGLYHUVRWLSRTXHFRQWUDGLFHQ SULQFLSLRVLQVLWRV

HQHO$'3,&\H[SOLFLWDGRVHQOD'HFODUDFLyQGH'RKDDOHMiQGRVHGHOD

E~VTXHGDGHOoptimumVRFLDOTXHSUHWHQGtDSHUVHJXLUHO$'3,&

+DVWDDKRUDHOSULQFLSDO SURPRWRU GH HVWRV DFXHUGRV KD VLGR (VWD

GRV8QLGRV$UHPROTXH\EDMRXQDGHWHUPLQDGDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQVREUHORV

HIHFWRVGHODFOiXVXODGHODQDFLyQPiVIDYRUHFLGDOD&RPXQLGDG(XURSHD

\RWURVSDtVHVWHFQROyJLFDPHQWHGHVDUUROODGRVSXHGHQEHQHIFLDUVHGHOR

FRQVHJXLGRSRUORV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV 'HVGH HO DxR  VLQ HPEDUJR

OD&RPXQLGDG WDPELpQ YLHQH LPSXOVDQGR OD DGRSFLyQ GH WUDWDGRV TXH

DXPHQWDQODSUHVLyQVREUHVXVVRFLRVFRPHUFLDOHVSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQPD

WHULDGHREVHUYDQFLDGHORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO\SDUDORV

DxRV\VHDQXQFLDXQDQXHYDEDWHUtDGHDFXHUGRVFRQSRWHQWHV

SRUPHGLRGHSURFHGLPLHQWRVPXOWLODWHUDOHVODVGLIHUHQFLDVVREUHFXHVWLRQHVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHF

WXDOª\ HODUW DSXQWDTXH ORV0LHPEURV QR HVWDUiQREOLJDGRV DRWRUJDU XQDSURWHFFLyQ PiV

DPSOLDDODGHO$'3,&

PHUFLR\ HO GHVDUUROOR HOFDVR GH OD SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOª HQ % 5(0,&+(\ - .256 FRPS

op. citS

VidSRUHMHPSORDUW7/&&KLOH(VWDGRV8QLGRVWDPELpQ&(&$5,)2580

GHDGRSWDUWUDWDGRVGHOLEUHFRPHUFLR\WUDWDGRVELODWHUDOHVGHLQYHUVLyQTXHLQFRUSRUDQGLVSRVLFLR

QHV$'3,&plus3'5$+26\-%5$,7+:$,7(Global Business Regulation1HZ<RUN&DPEULGJH

2[IDP 3ROLF\ 3DSHU 'HFHPEHU  ZZZR[IDPRUJXNSROLF\SDSHUVELODWHUDOELODWHUDOKWPO

MXQLRGH7DPELpQOD&RPXQLGDG(XURSHDKDSURFHGLGRDLGHQWLIFDU\FODVLIFDUORVSDtVHV

TXHVXSXHVWDPHQWHQR UHVSHWDQOD SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO Vid(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ Survey on

Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Third CountriesKWWSHXURSDHXLQWFRPPWUDGHLV

VXHVVHFWRUDOLQWHOOBSURSHUW\VXUYH\BHQKWPPDU]RGH

UHIH[LRQHVGHXQHFRQRPLVWDªHQ%5(0,&+(-.256FRPSop. cit.S

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

VRFLRVFRPHUFLDOHVTXHSUHYLVLEOHPHQWH SURIXQGL]DUiQGLFKD WHQGHQFLD

7DPELpQ-DSyQ\ORVSDtVHVGHOD()7$HVWiQLQFRUSRUDQGRGLVSRVLFLRQHV

UHODWLYDVDODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOHQVXVDFXHUGRVGHOLEUHFRPHUFLRTXH

YDQPiVDOOiGHORHVWDEOHFLGRHQHO$'3,&

/DDSOLFDFLyQGHORVSULQFLSLRVFDUGLQDOHVGHOVLVWHPDPXOWLODWHUDOGHO

FRPHUFLRHOWUDWRGHODQDFLyQPiVIDYRUHFLGD\HOWUDWRQDFLRQDOSXHGH

WHQHUHIHFWRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHDUPRQL]DGRUHVUHVSHFWRGH ODSURWHFFLyQGH

ODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO3DUDOD203,HOWUDWRGHODQDFLyQPiVIDYRUH

FLGDHQHOiPELWRGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOQRSDUHFtDWHQHUPXFKRVHQ

WLGRORVFRQYHQLRVTXHDGPLQLVWUDUHFRJHQHOSULQFLSLRGHWUDWRQDFLRQDO

\HVGLItFLOPHQWHFRQFHELEOHRWRUJDUPD\RUSURWHFFLyQDH[WUDQMHURVTXH

DQDFLRQDOHV6LQHPEDUJRIUXWRGHODVSUHVLRQHVGHORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV

HQORVDxRVRFKHQWDDOJXQRVSDtVHVHPSH]DURQDFRQFHGHUPD\RUSURWHF

FLyQDWLWXODUHVH[WUDQMHURVTXHDORVSURSLRVQDFLRQDOHVORTXHDVXYH]

IDYRUHFLyLQFRUSRUDUHOSULQFLSLRGHOWUDWRGHODQDFLyQPiVIDYRUHFLGDDO

$'3,&

IDYRUSULYLOHJLRRLQPXQLGDGªUHODWLYRVDODSURWHFFLyQGHODSURSLH

GDGLQWHOHFWXDORWRUJDGRVD QDFLRQDOHVGHcualquier SDtVVHH[WLHQGH

D WRGRV  ORV 0LHP EURV GH OD  20& 'H U HOHYDQF LD SDUD O DV SDWHQW HV

IDUPDFpXWLFDVHVODH[FOXVLyQGH OD DSOLFDFLyQGHOSULQFLSLRGHOWUDWR

GHODQDFLyQ PiV IDYRUHFLGDDODVYHQWDMDV IDYRUHVSULYLOHJLRVR LQ

PXQLGDGHVTXHVHHQFXHQWUHQHQDFXHUGRVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQODSURWHF

FLyQ GH OD SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO VXVFULWRVDQWHV GH QRWLIFDGRV

DO &RQV HMR VREU H ORV $'3,& \  TXH QR FRQ VWLWX\D Q XQD GLV FULPLQD

FLyQDUELWUDULDRLQMXVWLIFDGDFRQWUDQDFLRQDOHVGHRWURV0LHPEURV 

'HHVWDH[FOXVLyQTXHGDQIXHUDWRGRVORVDFXHUGRVFRQGLVSRVLFLRQHV

SRVWHULRUHV GHEHQVHUFRQVLGHUDGRVSRWHQFLDOHV IDFWRUHV GH FRQH[LyQ

GH OD DSOLFDFLyQ GH ODFOiXVXOD GH OD QDFLyQ PiV IDYRUHFLGDª  'H

HVWH PRGR HQ SULQFLSLR OD &RPXQLGDG (XURSHD \ ORV(VWDGRV8QL

GRVSXHGHQ JR]DUGH ORFRQVHJXLGRSRUXQD\RWURHQORVUHVSHFWLYRV

DFXHUGRVFRQGLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,&plus

 81&7$',&76'op. citSVid*UXSR(VSHFLDOComunidades Europeas-Medidas

relacionadas con la protección de las marcas de fábrica o de comercio y las indicaciones geográ-

f‌i cas en el caso de los productos agrícolas y los productos alimenticios, (CE-Marcas e Indicaciones

Geográf‌i cas),:7'65GHPDU]RGHSiUU

 $UWd)/DVH[FHSFLRQHV GHODUW;;,9GHO *$77VRQDTXtSRUWDQWR PHQRVDPSOLDV

SXHVWRTXHQLODVXQLRQHV DGXDQHUDVQLODV]RQDVGH OLEUHFRPHUFLRFUHDGDVGHVSXpV GHODHQWUDGD

HQYLJRUGHORV$FXHUGRVGHOD20&HVWDUiQ H[HQWDVGHDSOLFDUHOSULQFLSLRGHOWUDWR GHODQDFLyQ

PiVIDYRUHFLGD

GHQFLDOª*UXSR(VSDxROGHOD$,33,op. cit.S

&+(\-.256FRPSop. cit.S

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

'HEHQIRUPXODUVHVLQHPEDUJRGLYHUVDVREVHUYDFLRQHVVREUHORVHIHF

WRVGHODFOiXVXODGHODQDFLyQPiVIDYRUHFLGDHQHO$'3,&/DSULPHUD

$HVWH UHVSHFWR VL FRPR VH VRVWXYRHO$'3,& SHUPLWH OD SURWHFFLyQ

SULRULWDULDGHODVDOXGS~EOLFDSXHGHVRVWHQHUVHTXHODVYHQWDMDVIDYRUHV

\GHPiVQRVRQSUHFLVDPHQWHODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVTXHHQGXUHFHQODVREOL

JDFLRQHV GHO$FXHUGR VLQR DTXHOODV TXH RIUHFHQ PD\RU IH[LELOLGDG \

SHUPLWHQSURWHJHUODVDOXGS~EOLFD'HHQWHQGHUVHTXHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ

GHXQDGHWHUPLQDGDIH[LELOLGDGWLHQHFDELGDHQHO$'3,&VXH[WHQVLyQD

ORVGHPiV0LHPEURVQRSXHGHFRQVLGHUDUVHXQDLQIUDFFLyQGHODVQRUPDV

PtQLPDVTXHUHFRJHHO$'3,&SRUORTXH HVOtFLWRTXHORV(VWDGRVTXH

HQWLHQGDQTXHHVXQDYHQWDMDUHFODPHQWDPELpQODH[WHQVLyQGHODPLV

PD$GHPiVGDGRV ORVHIHFWRVSURWHFFLRQLVWDV GHODSURSLHGDG LQWHOHF

WXDOVHHQWLHQGH TXHHVWDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQHVOD PiVDGHFXDGDDOFRQWH[WR

GHOLEHUDOL]DFLyQGHOFRPHUFLRHQHOTXHVHLQVHUWDHO$'3,&

8QDVHJXQGDHLPSRUWDQWHREVHUYDFLyQVHUHIHUHDODOFDQFHGHOWpUPLQR

WXDOTXHVRQREMHWRGHODV VHFFLRQHVD GH OD3DUWH,,ªHQWUH ODVTXH

VHHQFXHQWUDQODVSDWHQWHV'LYHUVDVGLVSRVLFLRQHVGHORV WUDWDGRVTXH

DXPHQWDQODSURWHFFLyQGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOQRVRQ\D$'3,&plus

QDQ\RUJDQL]DQFXHVWLRQHVQRDERUGDGDVDQWHULRUPHQWHHQHO$'3,&ª

(QHVWH VHQWLGR\ FRQ UHVSHFWRD OD UHODFLyQHQWUHGLFKDVGLVSRVLFLRQHV

$'3,&extra\ ODVFOiXVXODVGH ODQDFLyQPiVIDYRUHFLGD\GHWUDWRQD

GHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOGHTXHWUDWDHVSHFtIFDPHQWHHVWH$FXHUGRª(V

GH$SHODFLyQKDDFODUDGRTXHGHUHFKRVFRPRORVGHULYDGRVGHODSURWHF

FLyQsui generisDODTXHLQVWDHODUWb)VHLQFOX\HQHQWUHORVTXHWUDWD

HVSHFtIFDPHQWHHO$FXHUGRSRUPiVTXHQRHVWpQPHQFLRQDGRVHQHOHQ

FDEH]DPLHQWRGHODVHFFLyQURWURODGRSRUTXHH[FOX\HODVIRUPDV

GHSURWHFFLyQQRPHQFLRQDGDVSRUHMHPSORODSURWHFFLyQGHORVGDWRVGH

SUXHEDSRUSHULRGRVGHH[FOXVLYLGDGFX\DSURWHFFLyQQRSRGUiQH[LJLU

RWURV(VWDGRVHQYLUWXGGHOWUDWRGHODQDFLyQPiVIDYRUHFLGD

 &RQFUHWDPHQWHUHFRJHQGHUHFKRVGHDXWRU\GHUHFKRVFRQH[RVPDUFDVLQGLFDFLRQHVJHR

JUiIFDVGLEXMRV\PRGHORVLQGXVWULDOHVSDWHQWHVHVTXHPDVGHWUD]DGRLQIRUPDFLyQQRGLYXOJDGD

\FLUFXLWRVLQWHJUDGRV

VidQRWDGHO$FXHUGRDUW

United States-Section 211 Omnibus Appropiations Act of 1998, :7'65GHDJRVWR

GHSiUU

 & &255($ Trade Related Aspects..., op. cit SS  Vid WDPELpQ - '5(;/

op. citS

 6LJXLHQGRD&255($HODOFDQFHGHO$FXHUGRVHH[WLHQGHDODPDWHULDREMHWRGHSURWHFFLyQ

GHODV6HFFLRQHVD\GHODVFRQYHQFLRQHVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOTXHORV0LHPEURVVHFRP

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

B. Naturaleza de los tratados

/DV GLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,& plus VH UHFRJHQ HQWUDWDGRV ELODWHUDOHVR

PXOWLODWHUDOHVFRPHUFLDOHV\HQWUDWDGRVGHGLFDGRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHF

WXDO&RQUHVSHFWRDORVSULPHURV KDVWDDKRUD ODDWHQFLyQ VHKDFHQWUD

GRHQORVWUDWDGRVELODWHUDOHVGH OLEUHFRPHUFLR6LQHPEDUJRHQHODxR

ORVSURIHVRUHV$%%27\&255($VHxDODURQTXHWDPELpQORVDFXHUGRV

GHDFFHVLyQGHQXHYRV0LHPEURVDOD20&VHXWLOL]DQSDUDTXHHQODV

QHJRFLDFLRQHVELODWHUDOHV TXH VHPDQWLHQHQSUHYLDPHQWH VH UHQXQFLH D

IH[LELOLGDGHVUHFRQRFLGDVHQHO$'3,&0iVGLVFXWLEOHHVVLQHPEDU

JRTXHODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVHQPDWHULDGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOUHFRJLGDV

HQWUDWDGRVELODWHUDOHVGHLQYHUVLyQVHDQWDPELpQDFXHUGRV$'3,& plus

RH[WUD6LELHQDTXtVHHQWLHQGHTXHWLHQHQWRGRHOSRWHQFLDOSDUDVHUOR

HQSDUWLFXODUSRUTXHVHSUHVWDQDODLPSRUWDFLyQGHFRQFHSWRVDPELJXRV

GHOGHUHFKRGHODVLQYHUVLRQHVH[WUDQMHUDVDOiPELWRGHODSURSLHGDGLQ

WHOHFWXDOORFLHUWRHVTXHSRUHOPRPHQWRORVLQWHQWRVGHH[SORWDUGLFKR

SRWHQFLDOKDQVLGROLPLWDGRV

3RUVXDEXQGDQFLD \SUHFLVLyQ ORVWUDWDGRVFRPHUFLDOHVVRQORVTXH

HVWiQ\HQGRPiV OHMRVHQORTXHDGLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,&plus VHUHIHUH

(QJHQHUDOFRPRODLQGXVWULDIDUPDFpXWLFDWLHQHHVFDVDUHOHYDQFLDHFR

QyPLFDHQORVSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROORGLFKRVDFXHUGRVQRVXHOHQVHUREMHWR

GHSROpPLFD VHFWRULDO VLQR TXH VRQ ODV SUHRFXSDFLRQHV FRQ UHVSHFWR D

ODSURWHFFLyQ GH OD VDOXG S~EOLFDODV TXH FRQGLFLRQDQ SDUFLDOPHQWH OD

SRVLFLyQQHJRFLDGRUDGH ORVSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROOR6LQ HPEDUJRDQWHODV

YHQWDMDVTXHVHHVSHUDREWHQHUHQRWURVVHFWRUHVGLFKDVSUHRFXSDFLRQHV

VXHOHQGHMDUVHGHODGR

/RVSDtVHVHFRQyPLFDPHQWH GHVDUUROODGRV\HVSHFLDOPHQWH(VWDGRV

8QLGRVKDQ YHQLGR FHOHEUDQGR DFXHUGRV GH OLEUH FRPHUFLR HQ ORV TXH

VH LQFRUSRUDQ FDStWXORV UHIHUHQWHV D OD SURWHFFLyQ GH OD SURSLHGDG LQ

WHOHFWXDO(OREMHWLYRGH ORV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV H[SOLFLWDGR HQ OD /H\ GH

VLFLRQHVGHFXDOTXLHUDFXHUGRFRPHUFLDOELODWHUDORPXOWLODWHUDOUHODWLYRD

ODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOGHOFXDOVHDSDUWH(VWDGRV8QLGRVUHIHMHXQQLYHO

GHSURWHFFLyQVLPLODUDOGHOD OHJLVODFLyQGH(VWDGRV8QLGRVª3RU VX

SURPHWHQDUHVSHWDU\DORVGHUHFKRVHVSHFtIFDPHQWHUHFRJLGRVHQHO$FXHUGRRHQORVWUDWDGRVD

TXHUHPLWH

 )0$%%27\&0&255($World Trade Organization Accession Agreements: Intellec-

tual Property Issues*HQHYD4XDNHU8QLWHG1DWLRQV2IIFH

 3DUD XQD GLVFXVLyQ PiV GHWDOODGD vid & &255($ Tratados bilaterales de inversión,

¿Agentes de normas mundiales nuevas para la protección de los derechos de propiedad intelec-

IDUPDFpXWLFRVªTemas de Derecho Industrial y de la CompetenciaQ~PSS

 /H\GH$XWRULGDGGH3URPRFLyQ&RPHUFLDO6HFFLyQ $LLZZZWSDJRY

SOBSGIPD\RGH

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

SDUWHOD&RPXQLGDG(XURSHDDGRSWyHQHODxRODQRPHQRVH[SOtFL

WDEstrategia para implementar los derechos de propiedad intelectual en

terceros países\DOKLORGHODPLVPDKDGHVSOHJDGRXQDDFWLYDSROtWLFD

SDUDIRPHQWDUHOUHVSHWRGHORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOWDQWR

DOQHJRFLDUQXHYRVWUDWDGRVFRPRHQVXDFFLyQHQHOVHQRGHLQVWLWXFLRQHV

LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV

/RVWUDWDGRVELODWHUDOHV GHOLEUHFRPHUFLRTXHFRQWLHQHQ GLVSRVLFLR

QHV$'3,&plusFRQFOXLGRVSRUORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV\DHQ YLJRUVRQORV

FHOHEUDGRVFRQ-RUGDQLD6LQJDSXU&KLOH0DUUXHFRV%DKUHLQ\$XVWUD

OLD3RULPSOHPHQWDU VLJXHQORV DFXHUGRVVXVFULWRV FRQ3HU~ \2PiQ \

SHQGLHQWHVGHODDSUREDFLyQGHO&RQJUHVRORVFRQFOXLGRVFRQ&RORPELD

3DQDPi \ &RUHD GHO 6XU PLHQWUDV VLJXH QHJRFLiQGRVH FRQ7DLODQGLD

0DODVLD\ORV(PLUDWRVÈUDEHV8QLGRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVWDPELpQKD

QHJRFLDGRRHVWiQHJRFLDQGR DFXHUGRVFRQGLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,&plus\

$'3,&extraFRQEORTXHVUHJLRQDOHV-XQWRFRQHO7/&$1GHVWDFDQHQ

HVWHiPELWRHO DFXHUGRFRQFOXLGR FRQGLYHUVRVSDtVHVFHQWURDPHULFDQRV

\OD 5HS~EOLFD'RPLQLFDQD&$)7$'5\ HODFXHUGR HQ QHJRFLDFLyQ

FRQOD8QLyQ$GXDQHUD GH ÈIULFD GHO 6XU 6$&8 3RU VXSDUWHOD

&RPXQLGDG(XURSHD DVHJXUDTXHOD SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDORFXSD XQ OX

JDULPSRUWDQWH HQ ODVDFWXDOHVQHJRFLDFLRQHV FRQ &RUHDGHO6XU 5XVLD

\OD,QGLD\HVSUHYLVLEOHTXHHOQLYHOGHREOLJDFLRQHVDFRUGDGRFRQGL

FKRVSDtVHVWDPELpQYD\DPiVDOOiGHO$'3,&$VLPLVPROD&RPXQLGDG

WDPELpQHVWi QHJRFLDQGR FRQ GLYHUVRV EORTXHV GH LQWHJUDFLyQ UHJLRQDO

GLVSRVLFLRQHVTXH YDQPiVDOOi GHO$'3,& 0(5&2685 &RPXQLGDG

$QGLQDVLELHQODVQHJRFLDFLRQHVVHKDQDFDEDGRGHVDUUROODQGRFRQ3HU~

\&RORPELD$6($1\ORVSDtVHV$&3HVWiQQHJRFLDQGR \HQDOJXQRV

FDVRVKDQFRQFOXLGRDFXHUGRVGHDVRFLDFLyQRWUDWDGRVGHOLEUHFRPHUFLR

FRQFDStWXORVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO

'HEHGHVWDFDUVH WDPELpQODSURWHFFLyQGHODSURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO

DFRUGDGDHQWUDWDGRVELODWHUDOHV UHJLRQDOHV\PXOWLODWHUDOHVGHGLFDGRV

HVSHFtIFDPHQWHDODPLVPD/RV WUDWDGRV ELODWHUDOHVVXHOHQFHOHEUDUVH

HQWUHSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROOR\SDtVHVGHVDUUROODGRV\VXHOHQDFRPSDxDUVH

 (XURSHDQ &RPPLVVLRQ Strategy for the enforcement of intellectual property rights in

third countries1RYHPEHUKWWSWUDGHHFHXURSDHXGRFOLEGRFVQRYHPEHUWUDGRFB

SGIIHEUHURGH

VidSDUDWRGRV ORVDFXHUGRV ZZZXVWUJRY7UDGHB$JUHHPHQWV%LODWHUDO6HFWLRQB,QGH[

KWPODEULOGH

 6LQHPEDUJR(VWDGRV8QLGRVQRQHJRFLDGLUHFWDPHQWHFRQODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVGHLQWHJUD

FLyQVLQRTXHORKDFHSDtVSRUSDtVVLHQGRpVWRV\QRODRUJDQL]DFLyQODVSDUWHVGHOWUDWDGRORTXHKD

-'5(;/op. citS

OHFWXDOHQWHUFHURV(VWDGRVªRevista Aranzadi Unión EuropeaYROQ~PSS;6(8%$

+(51È1'(=La protección de la salud en el nuevo acuerdo de asociación entre la Comunidad

Andina (o algunos de sus miembros) y la Comunidad Europea a la luz de sus disposiciones en

materia de propiedad intelectual y experiencias recientes$PVWHUGDP/LPD+$,$,6

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

GHRWURVDFXHUGRVFRPRSRUHMHPSORDFXHUGRVGHFRRSHUDFLyQWpFQLFD

RGHFRRSHUDFLyQ DOGHVDUUROOR TXH HQDOJXQRV FDVRV LQFRUSRUDQ GLV

SRVLFLRQHV TXHYDQPiV DOOi GH OR HVWDEOHFLGR HQ HO$'3,& (QHO

SODQRPXOWLODWHUDOOD203,KDUHWRPDGRFRQHVSHFLDOYLJRUODLQLFLDWLYD

GHDUPRQL]DUORVHVWiQGDUHVIRUPDOHVGHFRRSHUDFLyQ\VXVWDQWLYRVHQ

PDWHULDGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO$VLPLVPRGHVWDFDODDGKHVLyQDWUD

WDGRVHQPDWHULDGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDORUGHQDGDDWUDYpVGHDFXHUGRV

GH OLEUH FRPHUFLR PHFDQLVPR D WUDYpVGHO FXDO VHFRQVLJXHQ SRU XQ

ODGRFRPSURPLVRVTXHQRSXGLHURQDOFDQ]DUVHHQHOiPELWRPXOWLODWHUDO

DOD YH] TXH VH H[LJH OD DGKHVLyQ D DFXHUGRVGH SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO

VHOHFFLRQDGRV

(QUHODFLyQFRQORVWUDWDGRVGHGLFDGRVHVSHFtIFDPHQWHDODSURSLH

GDGLQWHOHFWXDO VRQ ORV UHVXOWDGRVHQHO SODQR PXOWLODWHUDO \HVSHFLDO

PHQWHHQHOVHQRGHOD203,ORVPiVSUHRFXSDQWHVGHTXHUHUSUHVHUYDU

ODIH[LELOLGDGHQPDWHULDGHSDWHQWDELOLGDG'HVGHODDGRSFLyQGHO$'

3,&OD203,YLHQHGHVDUUROODQGRXQDDFWLYLGDGGHDUPRQL]DFLyQGHO

GHUHFKRGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOTXHSXHGHLPSOLFDUODDGRSFLyQGH

QRUPDV$'3,&plusHQSDtVHVHQYtDVGHGHVDUUROOR(QHOPDUFRGH

ODAgenda de Patentes GHOD203, DQXQFLDGD HQDJRVWRGH  VH

HVWiQSURGXFLHQGRORVPD\RUHVDYDQFHVKDFLDHVWiQGDUHVGHSURWHFFLyQ

PiV HOHYDGRV /D Agenda de Patentes JLUDHQ WRUQR D OD UDWLIFDFLyQ

GHO7UDWDGRVREUH'HUHFKRGH 3DWHQWHVTXHVH SURSRQHDUPRQL]DUORV

UHTXLVLWRVIRUPDOHVVREUHORVSURFHVRVSDUDDSOLFDUREWHQHU\PDQWHQHU

SDWHQWHVHVGHFLUORVGDWRVTXHGHEHQIJXUDUODIRUPD\FRQWHQLGRGH

ODVROLFLWXGOD VLPSOLIFDFLyQGHODVSRVLEOHVH[LJHQFLDV\HQVXPDHO

UHIXHU]RGHODSRVLFLyQGHOVROLFLWDQWHSDUDHYLWDUUHFKD]RVGHVROLFLWX

GHVSRU FXHVWLRQHVIRUPDOHV\ ODUHIRUPDGHO7UDWDGR GH&RRSHUDFLyQ

HQ3DWHQWHV TXH VH SURSRQH FRRUGLQDUODVE~VTXHGDV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV

ODVE~VTXHGDVSUHOLPLQDUHV\ORVSHULRGRVGHWLHPSRDOVROLFLWDUODSUR

WHFFLyQ GHSDWHQWHV $GHPiV WDPELpQ VH HVWi QHJRFLDQGR HO 7UDWDGR

VREUH 'HUHFKR 6XVWDQWLYR GH3DWHQWHVTXHVHSURSRQHFUHDU XQ GHUH

FKRXQLIRUPHFRQUHVSHFWRDORVUHTXLVLWRVGHSDWHQWDELOLGDGORTXHHV

HVSHFLDOPHQWH SUHRFXSDQWH GH UHFRUGDU OD VLQJXODU LPSRUWDQFLD GH OD

IH[LELOLGDGHQPDWHULDGHSDWHQWDELOLGDG

 3RUHMHPSORORVWUDWDGRV HQWUH(VWDGRV8QLGRV\(FXDGRU -DPDLFD\1L

FDUDJXD

 6HDIUPDTXHHOORUHVSRQGHDODQHFHVLGDG GHOD203,GHGHPRVWUDUTXHSXHGHGHVDUUR

OODUQXHYRVHVWiQGDUHVUiSLGD\HIFLHQWHPHQWH\QRYHUVHDVtGHVSOD]DGDFRPRIRURLQWHUQDFLRQDO

SULQFLSDOSDUD GLVFXWLU DVXQWRV UHODFLRQDGRV FRQ OD SURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO 6 ) 08681*8 \ *

'87),(/'Multilateral Agreements and a TRIPS-plus world, *HQHYD481275,36,VVXH3DSHUV

Q~PS

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

 352%/(0$648(3/$17($13$5$/$3527(&&,Ï1

'(/$6$/8'3Ò%/,&$

A. Anteriores a la concesión de patente

(QWUHORVSULQFLSDOHVSUREOHPDVSDUDODSURWHFFLyQGHODVDOXGS~EOLFD

IJXUDQODGHOLPLWDFLyQGHORVUHTXLVLWRVGH SDWHQWDELOLGDG\OD DVXQFLyQ

GHQXHYDVREOLJDFLRQHV(QHVWHVHQWLGRHO7UDWDGR203,VREUH'HUHFKR

6XVWDQWLYRGH3DWHQWHV SURFHGHUtDHQVXREMHWLYRGHDUPRQL]DUHO GHUH

FKRVXVWDQWLYRGHSDWHQWHV DOLPLWDUODIH[LELOLGDGGHODTXH JR]DQORV

SDtVHVSDUDGHIQLUHQHO PDUFRGH ORVUHTXLVLWRVGHSDWHQWDELOLGDGWpU

FHUFHQDQGRDVtODGLVFUHFLRQDOLGDGGHODTXH DFWXDOPHQWHSXHGHKDFHUVH

XVRSDUD DMXVWDU WDOHV UHTXLVLWRV D ODV QHFHVLGDGHV QDFLRQDOHV$VLPLV

PRGHWHUPLQDGRVDFXHUGRVFRPHUFLDOHVUHTXLHUHQSRGHUSDWHQWDUQXHYRV

XVRVGHVXVWDQFLDV\DFRQRFLGDVPLHQWUDVTXHHQRWURVWUDWDGRVVXVFULWRV

FRQODOH\HVWDGRXQLGHQVH\HO VLJQLIFDGRTXHOHFRQIHUHOD 2IFLQDGH

\VXVWDQFLDOª(O$'3,&SHUPLWHDORV0LHPEURVH[LJLUGHWDOOHVVREUH

ODPHMRUPDQHUDGHHMHFXWDUODLQYHQFLyQ6LQHPEDUJRDUDt]GHODFRQ

WUDGLFFLyQFRQ ORV LQWHUHVHV GH ODVHPSUHVDVLQQRYDGRUDVD ODV TXH QR

VROLFLWDQHQQXPHURVRVWUDWDGRVFRPHUFLDOHVELODWHUDOHVGLFKRUHTXLVLWR

GHVDSDUHFHRVHPLQLPL]D

3RURWURODGRHQGLYHUVRVDFXHUGRVFRQGLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,&plusVH

HVWiREOLJDQGRDVXVFULELUWUDWDGRVGHSURWHFFLyQGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHF

WXDOSRVWHULRUHVRQRPHQFLRQDGRVHQHO$'3,&$VtSRUHMHPSORHQHO

PDUFRGHORVDFXHUGRVGHDFFHVLyQDOD20&VHKDQLGHQWLIFDGRQXPHUR

VRVWUDWDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVHQPDWHULDGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOQRPHQ

FLRQDGRVHQHO$'3,&\DORVTXHHQFDPELRVH REOLJDDDFFHGHUD ORV

QXHYRV0LHPEURVGHOD20&6HWUDWDGHXQSUiFWLFDWDPELpQH[WHQGLGD

HQORV WUDWDGRVELODWHUDOHVGH OLEUHFRPHUFLRGHORV(VWDGRV 8QLGRV\

 3RUHMHPSOR$XVWUDOLDDUW&$)7$'5DUW0DUUXHFRVDUWb)

&RORPELDDUW(QORVWUHV~OWLPRVPHUDPHQWHVHUHGXFHHOVLJQLIFDGRGHDSOLFDFLyQLQGXV

WULDODOGHXWLOLGDG

Vid7/& ((88 FRQ &$)7$ DUW FRQ 0DUUXHFRV DUW FRQ &RORPELD



 3DUDXQOLVWDGRGHORVWUDWDGRVTXHQRPHQFLRQDHO$'3,&\TXHHVWiQVLHQGRUHFRJLGRVHQ

ORVDFXHUGRVGHDFFHVLyQDOD20&Vid)0$%%27\&0&255($op. cit.SS

 (QORVPLVPRVVHVHxDODQQXHYRVDFXHUGRVTXHGHEHUiQUDWLIFDUVHSRUHMHPSORHO7UDWDGR

DKDFHU WRGRVORVHVIXHU]RV UD]RQDEOHVSDUD UDWLIFDUªSRU HMHPSORHO 7UDWDGRVREUH'HUHFKR GH

3DWHQWHVGHOD203,GHVidSRUHMHPSORDUW\GHO7/&((880DUUXHFRV

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

TXHOD&RPXQLGDG(XURSHDHVWiH[WHQGLHQGRWDPELpQDVXVDFXHUGRVGH

DVRFLDFLyQHFRQyPLFD

7DPELpQHV SUHRFXSDQWH ODOLPLWDFLyQGHODVH[FOXVLRQHVGHSDWHQ

HOIXWXURVHOXFKDUiSDUD HVWDEOHFHUOD SDWHQWDELOLGDGGH ORVPpWRGRV GH

GLDJQyVWLFR\ WHUDSpXWLFRVª FLHUWRVWUDWDGRVGHOL

EUHFRPHUFLRSHUPLWHQ H[SUHVDPHQWH GLFKD SDWHQWDELOLGDG (Q RWURV

WUDWDGRVFHOHEUDGRVSRU(VWDGRV8QLGRVQRVHKDFHUHIHUHQFLDDOD SRVL

ELOLGDGTXH KDELOLWDHODUW GHO$'3,& GH H[FOXLUODSDWHQWDELOLGDG

GHPpWRGRV GH GLDJQyVWLFR WHUDSpXWLFRV \ TXLU~UJLFRV&LHUWDPHQWH

HQDSOLFDFLyQGHODUWGHOD&9'7VXEVLVWHQODVQRUPDVGHO$'3,&

6LQHPEDUJRSDUHFHXQD RPLVLyQGHPDVLDGRLPSRUWDQWH SRUORTXHHQ

PDWHULDGHSURGXFWRVIDUPDFpXWLFRVVHKDDIUPDGRTXHVHDEUHODSXHUWD

DSHUPLWLUODSDWHQWDELOLGDGGHQXHYRVXVRVGHSURGXFWRV\DFRQRFLGRV

RFXDQGRPHQRVVHWUDWDGHXQDKHUUDPLHQWDPiVSDUDORJUDUGLFKRIQ

B. Posteriores a la concesión de patente

D Protección de los datos de prueba

/DSURWHFFLyQGHORVGDWRVGHSUXHEDHVXQDGHODVFXHVWLRQHVTXHHQ

HO$'3,&QRVHFHUUyGHPRGRVDWLVIDFWRULRSDUDORVSDtVHVGHVDUUROODGRV

(VWDGRV8QLGRV\ WDPELpQOD&RPXQLGDG(XURSHDSURSXJQDQODH[SRU

WDFLyQGHVXVOHJLVODFLRQHVDOUHVSHFWRDWUDYpVGHQXHYRVDFXHUGRVGH

OLEUHFRPHUFLR\GHODVQHJRFLDFLRQHVELODWHUDOHVHQHOPDUFRGHODDFFH

VLyQGHQXHYRV0LHPEURVDOD20&(QGLFKRVDFXHUGRVVHYDPiVDOOi

GHO$'3,&DOHVWDEOHFHUVHODSURWHFFLyQH[FOXVLYDGHGDWRVGHPRGRTXH

WUDVODDSUREDFLyQGHXQIiUPDFRQRSXHGDDSUREDUVHXQDQXHYDYHUVLyQ

GHOPLVPR GXUDQWH XQ SHULRGR GH WLHPSR VLODVROLFLWXGVH EDVD HQ ORV

 8QEXHQ HMHPSORHVHODFXHUGR GHDVRFLDFLyQHQWUH OD&RPXQLGDG(XURSHD \HO&$5,

)2580TXH REOLJDDORV 0LHPEURVGHO &$5,)2580D UDWLIFDUHO 7UDWDGRVREUH'HUHFKR GH

3DWHQWHVGHOD203,

 -'(/,&$'20217(525Ë26op. citS

 &RPRORVFRQFOXLGRVHQWUH(VWDGRV8QLGRV\0DUUXHFRVDUW%DKUHLQDUW

\$XVWUDOLDDUW

 &DVRSRUHMHPSORGHORVWUDWDGRVFHOHEUDGRVFRQORVSDtVHVGHO&$)7$'5&KLOH-RUGD

QLD\6LQJDSXU

 &&255($Protection of intellectual property and public health within the framework of

the Chile-US Trade Agreement*HQHYD48122FFDVLRQDOSDSHUQ~PS

 /D6HFFLyQGHOD /H\)HGHUDOVREUH$OLPHQWDFLyQ)iUPDFRV\&RVPpWLFRV86&

REOLJDDODSURWHFFLyQH[FOXVLYDGHGDWRVGXUDQWHFLQFRDxRV\GHWUHVDxRVSDUDQXHYDVLQGL

FDFLRQHVVREUHIiUPDFRVH[LVWHQWHV/D&RPXQLGDGYDLQFOXVRPiVDOOi/D'LUHFWLYD(&

SUHYpXQD SURWHFFLyQH[FOXVLYD SRUXQ SHULRGRGH RFKRDxRV DORV TXHVH DJUHJDQRWURV GRVGH

H[FOXVLYLGDGGH FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ(OOR VLJQLIFDHQ ODSUiFWLFD LPSHGLUOD HQWUDGDGH JHQpULFRV

HQHOPHUFDGRGXUDQWHGLH]DxRV$VLPLVPRVHFRQFHGHXQDxRDGLFLRQDODODVQXHYDVLQGLFDFLRQHV

VREUHSURGXFWRV\DH[LVWHQWHV

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

PLVPRVGDWRVTXHHOIiUPDFRRULJLQDORVLODDXWRULGDGVHEDVDHQORVGD

WRVGHODDSUREDFLyQRULJLQDORHQORVGDWRVHPSOHDGRVSDUDODDSUREDFLyQ

GHOIiUPDFRHQRWURSDtV1RVHWUDWDSRUWDQWRGHXQDREOLJDFLyQ$'3,&

WLSRGHGHUHFKRGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOH[FOXVLYRVREUHODEDVHGHLQIRU

PDFLyQFRQIGHQFLDOFRQLQGHSHQGHQFLDGHOD GLVSRQLELOLGDGGHSURWHF

FLyQDWUDYpVGHSDWHQWHVªGHUHFKRQRUHFRQRFLGRHQHO$'3,&

3RUHOPRPHQWRKDQVLGRORVDFXHUGRVGHOLEUHFRPHUFLRQHJRFLDGRV

SRUORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVORVTXHKDQLGRPiVDOOiHQODFRQFHVLyQGHSHULR

GRVGHH[FOXVLYLGDGHQHOXVR GHORVGDWRVGHSUXHED(QYLUWXGGHHVWRV

DFXHUGRVVHREOLJDDWRGRVROLFLWDQWHGHDXWRUL]DFLyQFRPHUFLDODSUHVHQWDU

VXVSURSLRVGDWRVGHSUXHED\VHH[FOX\HHOXVRGHORVPLVPRVSRUSHULRGRV

GHKDELWXDOPHQWHFLQFRDxRVeVWHHVHOFDVRGHORVWUDWDGRVFRQFOXLGRV

FRQ&KLOH3HU~&RORPELD$XVWUDOLD6LQJDSXU%DKUHLQ0DUUXHFRVORV

SDtVHVGHO&$)7$'5\SRWHQFLDOPHQWH-RUGDQLD$GHPiVDOJXQRVGH

HVWRVWUDWDGRVHOLPLQDQRPLQLPL]DQODUHIHUHQFLDGHO$'3,&DTXHODSUR

WHFFLyQVHFRQFHGDDSURGXFWRVTXHLQFRUSRUHQQXHYDVHQWLGDGHVTXtPLFDV

RVXSULPHQODUHIHUHQFLDDTXHGHEHWUDWDUVHGHLQIRUPDFLyQQRGLYXOJDGD

'HKHFKRSDUDFRQVHJXLUODSURWHFFLyQSRUSHULRGRVH[FOXVLYRVVHKDLGR

WDQOHMRVFRPRSUHYHUTXHODLQIRUPDFLyQSHVHDKDEHUVLGRGLYXOJDGD

RSUHVHQWDGDDQWHDJHQFLDVUHJXODGRUDVGHRWURVSDtVHVVHFRQVLGHUDUi

LQIRUPDFLyQQRGLYXOJDGDDORVHIHFWRVGHODSURWHFFLyQGHGDWRV$GHPiV

\HQFRQWUDGLFFLyQFRQGHO$'3,&TXHVyORREOLJDDSURWHJHUIUHQWHDOD

FRPSHWHQFLDGHVOHDOORVGDWRVVREUHQXHYDVHQWLGDGHVTXtPLFDVWDPELpQ

VHKDDFRUGDGRODSURWHFFLyQGHORVGDWRVSURSRUFLRQDGRVFRQUHVSHFWRD

VHJXQGRVXVRVGHIiUPDFRVFRQRFLGRV

(Q ORV DFXHUGRV FRPHUFLDOHV HQWUH OD &RPXQLGDG (XURSHD \ SDt

VHVHQGHVDUUROORVHDOXGHDODSURWHFFLyQGHLQIRUPDFLyQQRGLYXOJDGD

IUHQWHDOD FRPSHWHQFLDGHVOHDOGHDFXHUGRFRQHO DUWbisGHO&RQ

YHQLRGH3DUtVVREUHOD3URWHFFLyQGHOD3URSLHGDG,QGXVWULDOSRUOR

 -'5(;/op. cit.S

VHLQGLFDH[SUHVDPHQWHTXHSRUSHULRGRUD]RQDEOHVHHQWLHQGHFLQFRDxRV

 3DUD &KLOH vid DUW  3HU~ DUWE &RORPELD DUWE $XVWUD

OLD DUWD 6LQJDSXU DUW %DKUHLQ D 0DUUXHFRV DUW &$)7$

DUWD\E

 (QHOFDVRGH-RUGDQLDVHUHPLWHDOUpJLPHQGHODUWGHO$'3,&SHURVLHOSURGXFWRUGH

JHQpULFRVVHEDVDHQODLQIRUPDFLyQSURSRUFLRQDGDSRUHOSURGXFWRURULJLQDOHQRWURSDtVODSURWHF

FLyQVHUiODHVWDEOHFLGDHQGLFKRSDtV$UWQRWDDOSLHGHSiJLQDQ~P

 3RUHMHPSORHQ ODVZHEGH ODVDJHQFLDVUHJXODGRUDV(VWH HVHOFDVR GHODUWG

GHO&$)7$

 &DVRVGHORVWUDWDGRVFRQ&$)7$'5$XVWUDOLD6LQJDSXU\%DKUHLQ

 4XHVHUiQSURWHJLGRVSRUSHULRGRVDGLFLRQDOHV WUHVDxRVHQORVDFXHUGRVFRQ0DUUXHFRV

\%DKUHLQ

 'HFLVLRQ1RRIWKH(80H[LFR-RLQW&RXQFLORI)HEUXDU\LPSOHPHQWLQJ

$UWLFOHV EDQGRI WKH(FRQRPLF3DUWQHUVKLS 3ROLWLFDO&RRUGLQDWLRQDQG &RRSHUD

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

TXHVXLQWHUSUHWDFLyQVHPDQWLHQHHQODVOtQHDVDSXQWDGDVFRQUHVSHFWR

DO DUW GH O$'3,&  &LHUWDPHQWH H[L VWHQ SUHFHGHQWHV P iV H[LJHQ

WHVSHURVHWUDWDGHDFXHUGRVFRQSDtVHVFDQGLGDWRVDLQFRUSRUDUVHDOD

&RPXQLGDG (Q OD DFWXDOLGDGQLHODFXHUGR VXVFULWR FRQ &$5,)2

580 QL ORV RWURV YHLQWH DFXHUGRV SURYLVLRQDOHV VXVFULWRV FRQSDtVHV

$&3DOXGHQDODSURWHFFLyQH[FOXVLYDGHGDWRVSRUSHULRGRVGHWLHPSR

HVSHFtIFRVDXQTXHHVWDSRVLELOLGDG VtHVWiVLHQGRWUDWDGDHQHOPDUFR

GHODVQHJRFLDFLRQHV HQWUHOD &RPXQLGDG\&RUHDHO6XU$GHPiVHQ

ODVWRGDYtDLQFRQFOXVDVQHJRFLDFLRQHVFRQORVSDtVHVDQGLQRVOD&RPX

QLGDGKD SUHVLRQDGRSDUDLQWURGXFLUHOHVWiQGDUHXURSHRGHSURWHFFLyQ

GHGDWRVGHSUXHED

E Aumento del plazo de protección

1XPHURVRV WUDWDGRV GH OLEUH FRPHUFLR FRQFOXLGRV SRU ORV (VWDGRV

8QLGRVSUHYpQODH[WHQVLyQGHOSHULRGRGHSURWHFFLyQPHGLDQWHSDWHQWHVL

VHSURGXFHQGHPRUDVWDQWRGXUDQWHHOSURFHVRGHFRQFHVLyQGHODSDWHQWH

FRPRHQHOSURFHVRGHFRQFHVLyQGHODDXWRUL]DFLyQGHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ

6HWUDWDGHXQDH[WHQVLyQTXHKDVLGRH[SUHVDPHQWHH[FOXLGDGHODVREOL

JDFLRQHVGHO$'3,&HQHOPDUFRGHO26'3RUGHPRUDLQMXVWLIFDGDFRQ

UHVSHFWRDODFRQFHVLyQ GHSDWHQWHVVHHQWLHQGHHQ DOJXQRVWUDWDGRV GH

OLEUHFRPHUFLRFLQFRDxRVFRQWDGRVGHVGHODIHFKD GH VROLFLWXG R WUHV

DxRVGHVGH HO UHTXHULPLHQWR GHO H[DPHQ SDUD OD VROLFLWXG (Q RWURV

DFXHUGRVHQFDPELRGLFKRVSOD]RVVRQGHFXDWUR\GRVDxRV(QRWURV

WUDWDGRVGHOLEUHFRPHUFLRWDPELpQVHSUHYp ODH[WHQVLyQSHUR VHOLPLWD

DORVUHWUDVRVHQODDXWRUL]DFLyQGHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ\QRVHHVSHFLIFDHO

WLRQ$JUHHPHQW(&Off‌i cial Journal of the European Communities/

'HFODUDFLyQ&RQMXQWD5HODWLYDDODUWGHO$FXHUGR(XUR0HGLWHUUiQHRSRUHOFXDOVHHVWDEOHFH

XQD$VRFLDFLyQHQWUHOD &RPXQLGDG(XURSHD \VXV (VWDGRV0LHPEURVSRU XQDSDUWH 5HS~EOLFD

'HPRFUiWLFD3RSXODUGH$UJHOLDSRURWUDSDUWHOff‌i cial Journal of the European Union

GHRFWXEUHGH'HFODUDFLyQ&RQMXQWD5HODWLYDDODUWGHO$FXHUGR(XUR0HGLWHUUiQHRSRU

HOFXDOVHHVWDEOHFHXQD$VRFLDFLyQHQWUHOD&RPXQLGDG(XURSHD\VXV(VWDGRV0LHPEURVSRUXQD

SDUWH\OD 5HS~EOLFDGH (JLSWRSRURWUD SDUWH KWWSWUDGHHFHXURSDHXGRFOLEGRFV

MXQHWUDGRFBSGIPDU]RGH

 $VtHO$FXHUGRGH$VRFLDFLyQFRQ8FUDQLDGHODxRGLVSXVRTXHHQXQSOD]RGHFLQFR

GRGH$VRFLDFLyQ\&RRSHUDFLyQHQWUHOD&RPXQLGDG(XURSHD\VXVHVWDGRV0LHPEURV\8FUDQLD

KWWSWUDGHLQIRFHFHXLQWGRFOLEGRFVRFWREHUWUDGHRFBSGIPDU]RGH3DUDHO

FDVRGH7XUTXtDvid$UWGHO$QH[RGHOD'HFLVLyQQ~PGHO$FXHUGRGH$VRFLDFLyQ

HQWUHOD&RPXQLGDG(XURSHD\7XUTXtDGHHGLFLHPEUHGH VREUHOD,PSOHPHQWDFLyQGHOD

IDVHIQDOGH OD8QLyQ$GXDQHUD TXHREOLJD DLPSOHPHQWDUHO GHUHFKRFRPXQLWDULR GHULYDGR\ D

DGRSWDUXQQLYHOGHSURWHFFLyQHTXLSDUDEOHDOGHOD8QLyQHQPDWHULDGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO

 3DUD&$)7$5vidDUWVDESDUD&KLOHDUW

 3DUD6LQJDSXUvidDUWV \D$XVWUDOLDDUWV 0DUUXHFRV

DUWV\%DKUHLQ

 -RUGDQLDvidDUW

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

DGLIHUHQFLDGHODOHJLVODFLyQQRUWHDPHULFDQDQRVHHVWLSXODXQSOD]R

Pi[LPRGHODH[WHQVLyQ

F Constricciones a las licencias obligatorias

8QDGHODVOLPLWDFLRQHVPiVVHYHUDVDOXVRGHOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVKD

FRQVLVWLGRHQUHGXFLU\WDVDUORVPRWLYRVSRUORVFXDOHVVHSXHGHQRWRUJDU

)UHQWHDOWH[WR GHO$'3,&\ OD'HFODUDFLyQGH 'RKD GLYHUVRVWUDWDGRV

GHOLEUHFRPHUFLRFHOHEUDGRVSRU(VWDGRV8QLGRVOLPLWDQH[SOtFLWDPHQWH

ODVOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDVD FDVRV GH HPHUJHQFLD QDFLRQDO XVR S~EOLFR

QRFRPHUFLDO\UHVSXHVWDDSUiFWLFDVDQWLFRPSHWLWLYDV(QDOJ~QFDVR

DGHPiVVHSUHYpTXHODFRPSHQVDFLyQDSDJDUDOWLWXODUGHODSDWHQWHQR

ORTXHGHKHFKRFRQFXHUGDFRQODOLPLWDFLyQVHxDODGDHQUHODFLyQFRQOD

GHVFULSFLyQGHODLQYHQFLyQ

3RURWURODGRODPD\RUtDGHWUDWDGRVGHOLEUHFRPHUFLRFHOHEUDGRVSRU

(VWDGRV8QLGRVSUHYpQTXHODDXWRULGDGVDQLWDULDQRRWRUJDUiSHUPLVRGH

FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQDQWHVGHODH[SLUDFLyQGHODSDWHQWHDVROLFLWDQWHVTXHVH

EDVHQHQORVGDWRVGHSUXHEDSUHVHQWDGRVSRUHOSURGXFWRURULJLQDOVDOYR

FRQHOFRQVHQWLPLHQWRGHOPLVPR$OJRVLPLODUDFRQWHFHHQQXPHURVRV

DFXHUGRVGH DFFHVLyQ D OD 20& (VWDREOLJDFLyQ FRQWUDGLFH XQR GH

ORVIXQGDPHQWRVGHODUHODFLyQHQWUHHOVLVWHPDGHSDWHQWHV\HOVLVWHPD

GHDXWRUL]DFLyQ GHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQGH PHGLFDPHQWRVSXHVWRTXH pVWD

VHFRQFHGH VLQSUHMXLFLR GHORVGHUHFKRV GHSURSLHGDG LQGXVWULDO\D

ODLQYHUVDOD FRQFHVLyQ GH XQD SDWHQWH QR DXWRUL]D OD H[SORWDFLyQ FR

PHUFLDOGHXQ SURGXFWR6LQHPEDUJRHOGHQRPLQDGRlinkageLPSLGH

ODFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ DQWHVGH ODH[SLUDFLyQGHO WpUPLQRGH ODSDWHQWHGH

 )0$%%27 Intellectual Property Provisions of Bilateral and Regional Trade Agree-

ments in Light of US Federal Law*HQHYD,&76'S

 6LQJDSXUDUW$XVWUDOLDDUW\ -RUGDQLDDUW(QHOFDVRGH -RUGDQLDVH

SUHYpTXHODQRH[SORWDFLyQ SXHGHVHUWDPELpQIXQGDPHQWR SDUDRWRUJDUXQDOLFHQFLDREOLJDWRULD

SUHYLHQGRVLQHPEDUJRTXHODLPSRUWDFLyQHVXQWLSRGHH[SORWDFLyQ

 7/&((886LQJDSXUDUWELL

IbidVidsupraS

 &KLOH DUWF 6LQJDSXU DUWF &$)7$ DUWD $XVWUDOLD

DUW0DUUXHFRVDUW

 )0$%%27\&0&255($op. cit.SS

tionale de Droit Economique,6SHFLDO(GLWLRQS

VHOLPLWDDFRQIHULUOHHO GHUHFKRGHSURKLELUD WHUFHURVVXH[SORWDFLyQ>@ HO'HUHFKRGHSDWHQWHV

QRSXHGHVXVWLWXLUQLGHMDU VLQHIHFWRODVOHJLVODFLRQHV QDFLRQDOHVHXURSHDVRLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV TXH

IMDQHQVXFDVROLPLWDFLRQHVRSURKLELFLRQHVRTXHRUJDQL]DQHOFRQWUROGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\GH

ODXWLOL]DFLyQRFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQGHVXVUHVXOWDGRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHFRQUHVSHFWRDORVUHTXLVLWRVGH

VDOXGS~EOLFDª 3iUUGHO 3UHiPEXORGH OD'LUHFWLYD &( GHO3DUODPHQWR (XURSHR\ GHO

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

DTXHOORVIiUPDFRVTXHQRSUHVHQWHQVXVSURSLRVGDWRVGHSUXHED$GHPiV

GHLPSRQHUODGHIHQVDGHGHUHFKRVSULYDGRVDODVDXWRULGDGHVVDQLWDULDV

DODVTXHVHREOLJDDDVHJXUDUHOUHVSHWRDGHUHFKRVHFRQyPLFRVSULYDGRV

DWUDYpVGHXQDDFWLYLGDGDGPLQLVWUDWLYDVDQLWDULDHVWDYLQFXODFLyQKDFH

LPSUDFWLFDEOHVODVOLFHQFLDVREOLJDWRULDV$VtHOWLWXODUGHODSDWHQWHSXHGH

LPSHGLUODDXWRUL]DFLyQFRPHUFLDOGHOFRPSHWLGRUSRUORTXHODDXWRULGDG

VDQLWDULDVHYHHQODREOLJDFLyQGHREVWDFXOL]DUODSUHVWDFLyQIDUPDFpXWLFD

DSHVDUGHODOHJDOLGDGGHODOLFHQFLDREOLJDWRULD

G Importaciones paralelas

(QHOFDStWXOR;;GHOWHUFHU\~OWLPRERUUDGRUGHO$/&$VHDGRSWDED

HOSULQFLSLRGHDJRWDPLHQWRUHJLRQDOGHORVGHUHFKRVOLPLWDQGRDVtXQR

GHORVHIHFWRVSRVLWLYRVTXHHOOLEUHFRPHUFLRSXHGHUHSRUWDUHQHOiPELWR

GHORVPHGLFDPHQWRV 3RU RWUR ODGR HQ ORV WUDWDGRV GH OLEUH FRPHUFLR

FHOHEUDGRVHQWUH (VWDGRV8QLGRV\ 6LQJDSXU0DUUXHFRV \$XVWUDOLD

HOWLWXODUGHODSDWHQWHSXHGHH[FOXLUODVLPSRUWDFLRQHVSDUDOHODVDWUDYpV

GHFRQWUDWRV GH OLFHQFLD 7DPSRFROD &RPXQLGDG (XURSHDSDUHFHPX\

LQWHUHVDGDHQTXH RWURV SDtVHV GLVIUXWHQ GH VX SURSLR UpJLPHQ GH DJR

WDPLHQWRGH ORV GHUHFKRV HQ ODV SURSXHVWDV GHDFXHUGR GH DVRFLDFLyQ

FRQHO&$5,)2580\ (&2:$6OD&RPXQLGDGLQWHQWyLQWURGXFLUXQD

GLVSRVLFLyQTXHLQVWDEDDWHQHUHQFXHQWDDODGRSWDUXQDXRWUDGRFWULQD

SRUGLFKDHOHFFLyQ3RU~OWLPRWDPELpQHQDFXHUGRVGHGLFDGRVH[FOX

VLYDPHQWHD OD SURWHFFLyQ GH ODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO VH KD UHVWULQJLGR

OD SRVLELOLGDG GH UHDOL]DU LPSRUWDFLRQHV SDUDOHODV (VWH HV HO FDVR GHO

$FXHUGRGH%DQJXLGHUHYLVDGRHQTXHOLPLWDODGRFWULQDGHO

DJRWDPLHQWRDOiPELWRUHJLRQDO

H Limitación de la posibilidad de revocar y cancelar una patente

(QPDWHULDGHUHTXLVLWRVSDUDUHYRFDU\FDQFHODUXQDSDWHQWHHO$'

3,&VyOR SUHVFULEH ODSRVLELOLGDGGH DFFHGHU DXQUHFXUVR MXGLFLDO SDUD

UHYLVDUHVWDVPHGLGDV(QODVQHJRFLDFLRQHVGHO$'3,&IUDFDVDURQWRGRV

ORVLQWHQWRV SDUDTXHVH SXGLHUD UHYRFDUXQD SDWHQWH VRODPHQWHSRUORV

&RQVHMRGHGHMXOLRGHUHODWLYDDODSURWHFFLyQMXUtGLFDGHODVLQYHQFLRQHVELRWHFQROyJLFDV

DOCE,GHMXOLRGH/

 (ODUWGHOERUUDGRUSUHYHtDFRPRPtQLPRHODJRWDPLHQWRUHJLRQDOHQWHQGLpQGRVHTXH

HOPtQLPRHQ HVWHFDVR HVHO QLYHOPiV SURWHFFLRQLVWDOR TXHQR GHMDGHVHU VRUSUHQGHQWHHQ XQ

DFXHUGRGHOLEUH FRPHUFLRVid)UHH7UDGH$UHDRI WKH$PHULFDV7KLUG'UDIW$JUHHPHQW 71&

Z5HY 1RYHPEHU   ZZZIWDDDOFDRUJ)7$$'UDIW:RUGGRFV&KDSWHU;;B

HGRFDEULOGH

 $UW$UW$UWUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH

(/$&8(5'262%5(/26$'3,&

PLVPRVPRWLYRVTXHOOHYDUtDQDVXQRFRQFHVLyQ6LQHPEDUJR(VWDGRV

8QLGRVKDFRQVHJXLGRLQFOXLUGLFKDOLPLWDFLyQHQYDULRVWUDWDGRVGHOLEUH

FRPHUFLRTXHKDFHOHEUDGR6HH[FOX\HDVtSRUWDQWRODSRVLELOLGDGGH

UHYRFDUODSDWHQWHSRURWUDVFDXVDVFRPRSRUHMHPSOR TXHODPLVPD QR

VHDH[SORWDGDLQFOXVRGHVSXpVGHKDEHUVLGR RWRUJDGDXQDOLFHQFLDREOL

JDWRULDRSRUHOKHFKRGHQRVDWLVIDFHUHOSDJRGHODVWDVDVDQXDOHV

I Endurecimiento de la observancia, sanción

y solución de diferencias

'LYHUVRVDFXHUGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVHVWiQHQGXUHFLHQGRODREVHUYDQFLD

GHORV GHUHFKRVGH SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO/D &RPXQLGDG (XURSHD HV OD

TXHHVWi\HQGRPiVOHMRVHQHVWHiPELWRORTXHQRREVWDSDUDTXHORVWUD

WDGRVGHORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVWDPELpQORKD\DQH[SORUDGR$VtHQFXHVWLR

QHVFRPRODVWUDQVJUHVLRQHVLQRFHQWHVGHODSDWHQWHTXHHQHO$'3,&QR

DFDUUHDQVDQFLyQ\PHUDPHQWH SHUPLWHTXHORV0LHPEURVIDFXOWHQDODV

DXWRULGDGHVMXGLFLDOHVSDUDTXHFRQFHGDQXQDUHSDUDFLyQORVWUDWDGRV GH

OLEUHFRPHUFLRFRQYLHUWHQGLFKDIDFXOWDGHQXQDREOLJDFLyQ$VLPLVPR

VHWUDQVIHUHQDOiPELWRGHSURFHGLPLHQWRVFLYLOHVPHGLGDVTXHHQFLHUWRV

RUGHQDPLHQWRVQDFLRQDOHVUHYLVWHQXQFDUiFWHUSHQDOFRPRSRUHMHPSOR

ODGHVWUXFFLyQGHELHQHVLQIUDFWRUHV\VHREOLJDHQFLHUWRViPELWRVD

LQLFLDUGHRIFLRDFFLRQHVSHQDOHVHQFDVRGHYLRODFLyQGHODVQRUPDVGH

HOHYDGDVªFRPRSDUDLQWLPLGDUDSRWHQFLDOHVLQIUDFWRUHV

(QHO PDUFR GH ODVROXFLyQGH GLIHUHQFLDVORVWUDWDGRV GH OLEUHFR

PHUFLRHQWUH(VWDGRV8QLGRV\&KLOH$XVWUDOLD\HO&$)7$KDELOLWDQODV

GHPDQGDVVLQLQIUDFFLyQFXDQGRXQDGHODVSDUWHVFRQVLGHUDTXH VHKDQ

DQXODGRRPHQRVFDEDGRORVEHQHIFLRVTXHUD]RQDEOHPHQWHSRGtDHVSHUDU

(QHO$'3,&ODSRVLELOLGDGGHUHPLWLUVHDOVXESiUUDIRb)GHODUW;9,,,

GHO*$77IXHPRWLYRGHSROpPLFD\ D~QKR\HVXQRGH ORVDVXQWRVVLQ

UHFODPDFLRQHVDPELYDOHQWHVTXHSXHGHQVRPHWHUDSDtVHV HQGHVDUUROOR

GHHVFDVRVUHFXUVRVDXQJUDQQ~PHURGHGHPDQGDVLQIXQGDGDVKDFLpQ

 7/&&KLOH(VWDGRV8QLGRVDUW(QHO DUWGHO&$)7$\HQHO DFXHUGRFRQ

RFRQGXFWDLQMXVWDª

 &RQUHVSHFWR DOD QHFHVDULDUHIRUPDGH ODOHJLVODFLyQ FLYLOFKLOHQD SDUDDFRPRGDUVHDO

UHTXLVLWRTXHHVWDEOHFHHO7/&&KLOH(VWDGRV8QLGRV, vid352))(op. cit.S

 $UW7/&-RUGDQLD(VWDGRV8QLGRV

 $UW7/& -RUGDQLD(VWDGRV8QLGRV $GHPiVHQ ORV 7/&FRQ &$)7$'5&KLOH

6LQJDSXU0DUUXHFRV \ %DKUHLQ VH H[WLHQGH ODREOLJDFLyQ FRQWHQLGD HQ HO $'3,& GHHYLWDU OD

HQWUDGDGHSURGXFWRV SLUDWHDGRVSDUDLPSHGLU WDPELpQVX H[SRUWDFLyQVR LQFOXVRHO WUiQVLWRSRU

VXVSDtVHV

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

GRORVPiVYXOQHUDEOHVDSUHVLRQHVSDUDTXHVHDEVWHQJDQGHXVDUODVIH

[LELOLGDGHVSHUPLWLGDVHQORVDFXHUGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVª8QHMHPSORHV

HOFRQWUROGHORVSUHFLRVGHIiUPDFRVTXHDFRQVHMDGRSRUOD206FRPR

KHUUDPLHQWDSDUDFRQWHQHUHOJDVWRHQIDUPDFLDQRFRQWUDGLFHHO$'3,&

SHURVtSXHGHHQFDPELRGHDFXHUGRFRQODOyJLFDTXHULJHHOFRPHUFLRGH

ELHQHVGHO*$77\GHODFXDOVHLPSRUWDQDO$'3,&ODVGHPDQGDVVLQLQ

IUDFFLyQPHQJXDUODVYHQWDMDVTXHHOWLWXODUGHODSDWHQWHSRGtDHVSHUDU

/DSRVLFLyQ GHOD&RPXQLGDG HQ UHODFLyQFRQHO UHVSHWR GHORV GH

UHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOHQWHUFHURVSDtVHVVHVXVWHQWDHQODSUR

\HFFLyQH[WHUQD GHVX 'HUHFKRGHULYDGRFRPR SRUHMHPSOROD 'LUHFWL

YDUHODWLYDDO UHVSHWRGH ORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOFX\DV

GLVSRVLFLRQHVVHWUDVODGDQDODVSURSXHVWDVGHWUDWDGRVGHOLEUHFRPHUFLR

IRUPXODGDVSRUOD&RPXQLGDG /DDGRSFLyQ GHQXHYRV FRPSURPLVRV

LQWHUQDFLRQDOHVHVVyORXQRGHORVFDXFHVLGHQWLIFDGRVSRUOD&RPXQLGDG

SDUDIRPHQWDU HO UHVSHWR D OD SURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO HQWHUFHURV SDtVHV

TXHIRUPDSDUWHGHWRGDXQDHVWUDWHJLDGHOD&RPXQLGDG/D'LUHFWLYD

UHODWLYDDOUHVSHWR GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH SURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDO H[FHGH HQ

GLYHUVRVDVSHFWRVODV REOLJDFLRQHVUHFRJLGDV HQHO$'3,&SRUHMHPSOR

HQOR UHODWLYR D ODLGHQWLIFDFLyQGH UHGHV GH GLVWULEXFLyQGHSURGXFWRV

TXHHQSULQFLSLRYLRODQORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDORODDGRS

FLyQGHPHGLGDVVLQRtUDODRWUDSDUWH'HOPLVPRPRGRHO5HJODPHQWR

GHOD &RPLVLyQ  SRU HOTXHVHDGRSWDQ ODV GLVSRVLFLRQHV GH

DSOLFDFLyQGHO5HJODPHQWRGHO&RQVHMRVREUHODLQWHUYHQFLyQ

GHODVDXWRULGDGHVDGXDQHUDVHQORVFDVRVGHPHUFDQFtDVVRVSHFKRVDVGH

YXOQHUDUGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO\DODVPHGLGDVTXHGHEHQWR

PDUVHUHVSHFWRGHODV PHUFDQFtDVTXHYXOQHUHQHVRVGHUHFKRVUHFRJH

GLVSRVLFLRQHV GHWDOODGDV UHODWLYDV D OD LPSRUWDFLyQ H[SRUWDFLyQ UHH[

SRUWDFLyQ\WUiQVLWRGHELHQHVTXHVXSXHVWDPHQWHLQIULQMDQFXDOTXLHUWLSR

GHGHUHFKRV GHSURSLHGDG LQWHOHFWXDOPLHQWUDVTXH SRUHOFRQWUDULR HO

$'3,&VyORSUHYpPHGLGDVUHODWLYDVDODLPSRUWDFLyQ\H[FOXVLYDPHQWH

HQUHODFLyQDPDUFDVRELHQHVSURWHJLGRVSRUcopyright

PHQWVPDNLQJWKH:72SURFHVVLUUHOHYDQWªIP Quarterly Update,IUVWTXDUWHU

 'LUHFWLYD&( GHO3DUODPHQWR (XURSHR\ GHO&RQVHMRGH GH DEULOGH 

UHODWLYDDOUHVSHWRGHORVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDODO/GHGHDEULOGH

 $VtSRUHMHPSOR HQOD SURSXHVWDGHDFXHUGR GHDVRFLDFLyQHFRQyPLFD HQWUHOD&( \HO

EORTXHUHJLRQDOGHSDtVHVDIULFDQRVUHXQLGRVHQWRUQRDODDVRFLDFLyQGHLQWHJUDFLyQ(&2:$6HO

DUWGHOD'LUHFWLYDHXURSHDVHWUDVSRQHFDVLOLWHUDOPHQWHHQHODUWGHODSURSXHVWD

 (XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQStrategy for the enforcement.op. cit.

 5HJODPHQWR&(Q~PGHOD&RPLVLyQGHGHRFWXEUHGHSRUHOTXHVH

DGRSWDQODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVGHDSOLFDFLyQGHO5HJODPHQWR&(Q~PGHO&RQVHMRUHODWL

YRDODLQWHUYHQFLyQGHODVDXWRULGDGHVDGXDQHUDV HQORVFDVRVGHPHUFDQFtDVVRVSHFKRVDVGHYXO

QHUDUGHWHUPLQDGRVGHUHFKRVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO\DODVPHGLGDVTXHGHEHQWRPDUVHUHVSHFWR

GHODVPHUFDQFtDVTXHYXOQHUHQHVRVGHUHFKRVDO/

VidHQGHWDOOH;6(8%$Border Measures Concerning Goods Allegedly Infringing Inte-

llectual Property Rights: The Seizures of Generic Medicines in Transit*HQHYD,&76'

Para continuar leyendo

Solicita tu prueba

Los suscriptores pueden acceder a la versión informada de este caso.

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

Los suscriptores pueden ver una lista de toda la legislación y jurisprudencia citada de un documento.

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

Los suscriptores pueden ver una lista de todos los documentos que citan el caso

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

Los suscriptores pueden ver una lista de todas los versiones de la ley con las distintas afectaciones

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

Los suscriptores pueden ver todas las afectaciones de un caso

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

Los suscriptores pueden acceder a una representación visual de un caso y sus relaciones con otros casos. Como alternativa a las listas de casos, el Mapa de Precedentes facilita la tarea de encontrar que caso tienes más relevancia en tu búsqueda. Al mismo tiempo también tendrás una referéncia del grado de aceptación del caso.

Request your trial

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

Los suscriptores pueden ver una lista de resultados conectados a su documentos vía tópicos y citas encontradas por Vincent.

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

El acuerdo sobre los ADPIC y los acuerdos con disposiciones ADPIC plus y ADPIC extra a la luz de la protección de la salud pública

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados