El acceso a los fármacos como objeto de interés del derecho internacional público

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EL ACCESO A LOS FÁRMACOS COMO

OBJETO DE INTERÉS POR EL DERECHO

INTERNACIONAL PÚBLICO

I. EL ACCESO A LOS FÁRMACOS: SIGNIFICADO

Y REGÍMENES IMPLICADOS

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II. LA ACCIÓN DE LA OMS EN MATERIA

DE MEDICAMENTOS ESENCIALES

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DE LOS FÁRMACOS

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Los derechos de la propiedad intelectual en la Organización Mundial del Comercio. El Acuerdo

sobre los Aspectos de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio, W,

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IDFLOLWDQODYXHOWDDSRVLFLRQHVPiVFHUFDQDVDODSURWHFFLyQGHORVELHQHV

S~EOLFRVFRPRKDVXFHGLGRKLVWyULFDPHQWHHQQXPHURVRVSDtVHV(QHVWH

VHQWLGRHVVLJQLIFDWLYRHOFDVRGHORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVFX\RUpJLPHQGH

SURWHFFLyQGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOKDYLYLGREUXVFRVFDPELRVHQIXQ

FLyQGHOYDORUVRFLDO\HFRQyPLFRTXHVXFHVLYDPHQWHVHKDDWULEXLGRD

GLFKDSURWHFFLyQ\GHODVQHFHVLGDGHVLQGXVWULDOHV\VRFLDOHVLQWHUQDV

(QHOPRPHQWRDFWXDOSRUHMHPSOR\EDMRLPSXOVRGHOD&RUWH6XSUHPD

 &&255($DSXQWDFLQFRSUHRFXSDFLRQHVGHULYDGDVGHO$'3,&\VXVHIHFWRVVREUHODSUR

WHFFLyQGHODVDOXGS~EOLFDH[FOXVLyQGHFRPSHWHQFLD\DXPHQWRGHSUHFLRVEHQHIFLRVVyORSDUD

SDtVHVGHVDUUROODGRVLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQIXQFLyQGHOLQWHUpVHFRQyPLFRGHODHQIHUPHGDGLQFLGHQFLD

QXODVREUHODWUDQVIHUHQFLDGHWHFQRORJtD\SRU~OWLPRIDFLOLWDFLyQGHODSHUSHWXDFLyQGHODVSDWHQ

tion, YROQ~PS

&0&255($\$$<868))HGVop. citSS

QDFLRQDOGH'HUHFKR(FRQyPLFR$,'('RFXPHQWRGHFRQYRFDWRULDª%5(0,&+(\-.256

&RPS op. cit.SS;9;9,,,S;9

 &9$66$//2\06(//$1(6'(520(52 Demanda y acceso a los medicamentos. El caso

Ántrax-Cipro como disparador del debate internacional%XHQRV$LUHV2EVHUYDWRULRGH6DOXG

0HGLFDPHQWRV\6RFLHGDGS

VidSDUDODHYROXFLyQDMXVWDGDDODVSURSLDVQHFHVLGDGHV&0$<\6.6(//op. cit

SS

(/$&&(62$/26)È50$&26&2022%-(72'(,17(5e6 

ODDSOLFDFLyQPiVHVWULFWDGHOFULWHULRGHQRREYLHGDGSDUDSURWHJHUHO

GRPLQLRS~EOLFRSUHVHUYDUODFRPSHWHQFLDHQORVPHUFDGRV\SURWHJHUHO

LQWHUpVGHORVFRQVXPLGRUHVª

3RUWRGRHOOR\GDGDVODVFDUHQFLDVGHO$'3,&HQPDWHULDGHIRPHQ

WRGHODLQQRYDFLyQ\WUDQVIHUHQFLDGHWHFQRORJtDYRFHVDXWRUL]DGDV

DSXQWDQTXHHVSUHFLVRHVWXGLDUVXLPSDFWRVREUHHOGHVDUUROORHQYLVWDVD

VXSRVLEOHHQPLHQGD$VLPLVPRRWUDVYRFHVGHIRUPDPiVH[SHGLWLYD

QDOGHDFFHVRDPHUFDGRVª\GHMDUGHODGRFXHVWLRQHVUHJXODWRULDVFRPR

ODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDORELHQIDFLOLWDUTXHORVSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROORVH

DSDUWHQGHODVGLVFLSOLQDVPXOWLODWHUDOHVFXDQGRDVtORSUHFLVHQ'HIRUPD

FRPSOHPHQWDULDVHFRQVLGHUDTXHHOiPELWRGHODSURSLHGDGLQGXVWULDOHV

HOPiVDGHFXDGRSDUDXQDUHYHUVLyQGHORIUPDGRHQ0DUUDNHFKQRWDQWR

SDUDVXVXSUHVLyQVLQRSDUDVXVXVWLWXFLyQSRURWURVLVWHPDPiVIH[LEOH\

DGHFXDGRSDUDORVSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROOR

6LQHPEDUJRSRUHOPRPHQWRORVFDPELRVVHSURGXFHQHQODGLUHF

FLyQRSXHVWD&RPRVHWHQGUiRFDVLyQGHH[DPLQDUVRQFDGDYH]PiV

QXPHURVRV ORV DFXHUGRV FRPHUFLDOHV TXH LQFRUSRUDQ GLVSRVLFLRQHV HQ

PDWHULDGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOTXHYDQPiVDOOiGHO$'3,&TXHIUXV

HQYLUWXGGHODVFXDOHVORV0LHPEURVGHOD20&KD\DQGHHTXLOLEUDULQ

WHUHVHVFRQWUDSXHVWRVª(VWRVDFXHUGRVFRQGLVSRVLFLRQHV$'3,&plus

\$'3,&extraFXHVWLRQDQODWHVLVDSXQWDGDGHTXH\DVHOOHJyDOPi[LPR

DGHPiVH[LVWHQLQGLFLRVGHTXHHVH[WHQGLGDODUHIH[LyQHQWRUQRDOD

QHFHVLGDGGHUHHTXLOLEUDUGLFKDSURWHFFLyQ

6LQHPEDUJRSUREDEOHPHQWHODUHDOLGDGHVPiVFRPSOHMD([LVWHXQD

FUHFLHQWHSHUFHSFLyQGHTXHVHKDOOHJDGRDXQHVWDQFDPLHQWRGHOVLVWHPD

GHLQQRYDFLyQEDVDGRHQSDWHQWHV(QpVWH\ORVVLJXLHQWHVFDStWXORVVH

GRFXPHQWDQORVHIHFWRVGHODSURWHFFLyQFDGDYH]PiVHOHYDGDGHODSUR

SLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDOVREUHHODFFHVRDELHQHVHVHQFLDOHVFRPRORVIiUPDFRV

6LH[LVWHXQFRQVHQVRVREUHORVSUREOHPDVHQXQR\RWURH[WUHPRGHOD

LQQRYDFLyQFDEHSUHJXQWDUVHSRUTXpVHVLJXHQDXPHQWDQGRORVHVWiQ

GDUHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVGHSURWHFFLyQGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO3DUHFH

TXHHOFRQVHQVRGHORVH[SHUWRVHQWRUQRDODUHODFLyQHQWUHODSURSLHGDG

VLWRGHXQDVHQWHQFLDGHOD&iPDUDGH$SHODFLRQHVSDUDHO&LUFXLWR)HGHUDOGHORV((88ªpaper

SUHVHQWDGRHQHOTercer Curso Internacional Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual y Salud Pública:

Hacia un Régimen de Propiedad Intelectual que Proteja la Salud Pública y los Derechos de los

Pacientes%XHQRV$LUHVGHPDU]RDOGHDEULOGHSHQORVDUFKLYRVGHODXWRU

Vid. supra,SS

 $VRFLDFLyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH'HUHFKR(FRQyPLFR, op. cit.S;9,,

0,&+(\-.256FRPSop. citS

 ;$9,(56(8%$+(51È1'(=

LQWHOHFWXDO\ODGHFUHFLHQWHLQQRYDFLyQ\ODVGLIFXOWDGHVGHDFFHVRDOD

WHFQRORJtDQRHVFDSD]SRUHOPRPHQWRGHLPSRQHUVHDORVLQWHUHVHVTXH

FRQIX\HQDOUHGHGRUGHODSURWHFFLyQGHODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO,QWHUH

VHVTXHSRUORVPLVPRVPRWLYRV\DWUDYpVGHORVPLVPRVFDXFHVTXHORV

DSXQWDGRVHQUHODFLyQFRQODDGRSFLyQGHO$'3,&VLJXHQSUHYDOHQFLHQGR

IUHQWHDOTXHHQSULQFLSLRVHUtDHOLQWHUpVS~EOLFR6LQHPEDUJRODFULVLV

GHXQVLVWHPDTXHSHVHDODPLVPDVHLQWHQWDH[WHQGHU\TXHHVQRWRULD

WDPELpQHQORVSDtVHVGHVDUUROODGRVHVWiOOHYDQGRWDPELpQDHVWRV~OWLPRV

DXQUHSODQWHDPLHQWRLQWHUQRTXHWDUGHRWHPSUDQRSXHGHWUDVODGDUVHDO

iPELWRLQWHUQDFLRQDO

B. Las disposiciones del APDIC relevantes

en materia de fármacos

6LELHQHO$'3,&VHUHIHUHGHIRUPDRFDVLRQDODORVIiUPDFRVHVXQD

SLH]DHVHQFLDOGHOUpJLPHQMXUtGLFRGHOFRPHUFLRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHPH

GLFDPHQWRVHQODPHGLGDHQTXHHVWpQSURWHJLGRVSRUSDWHQWH(QVXV

VLHWH3DUWHVHO$'3,&HVWDEOHFHQRUPDVPtQLPDVGHSURWHFFLyQGHOD

SURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO6HWUDWDGHREOLJDFLRQHVTXHWDO\FRPRSUHYpHO

DUW\KDUHFRUGDGRHOÏUJDQRGH$SHODFLyQORV0LHPEURVSXHGHQ

LPSOHPHQWDUGHODIRUPDTXHHVWLPHQPiVDGHFXDGDHQHOFRQWH[WRGHVX

RUGHQDPLHQWRORTXHQRREVWDSDUDTXHHO$'3,&WHQJDXQFODURHIHFWR

QRUPDWLYDVDVHJXUDQGRHOHTXLOLEULRHQWUHXQDV\RWUDVSDUWHVª(QHVWH

VHQWLGRHO$'3,&UHVSRQGHQRVyORDOFOiVLFRSULQFLSLRGHQRGLVFULPL

QDFLyQGHO'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOHFRQyPLFRVLQRTXHVHGHVFULEHPHMRU

DFXxDQGRXQQXHYRSULQFLSLRHOGHWUDWRXQLYHUVDOHQYLUWXGGHOFXDO

WRGDVODVOHJLVODFLRQHVQDFLRQDOHVGHEHQUHFRJHUORVPLVPRVHOHPHQWRV

HVHQFLDOHV

(O$'3,&LQFRUSRUDSRUUHIHUHQFLDORVSULQFLSDOHVWUDWDGRVLQWHUQD

FLRQDOHVGHSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDODORVTXHHQRFDVLRQHVWDPELpQGHEH

UHFXUULUVHSDUDDFODUDUHOVLJQLIFDGRGHDOJXQDVGHVXVGLVSRVLFLRQHV(Q

RWUDVRFDVLRQHVHO$'3,&UHLQFLGHHQOR\DFRQYHQLGRSRUHMHPSORFRQ

UHVSHFWRDODREOLJDFLyQGHWUDWRQDFLRQDOTXHUHTXLHUHGDUDORVQDFLRQD

OHVGHORVRWURV0LHPEURVXQWUDWRQRPHQRVIDYRUDEOHTXHHOFRQIHULGR

DORVSURSLRVQDFLRQDOHV(O$'3,&DXPHQWDWDPELpQORVHVWiQGDUHVGH

 &27(52*$5&Ë$&$675,//Ï1op. cit., S

HOPHMRUPRGRGHFXPSOLUVXVREOLJDFLRQHVGHULYDGDVGHO$'3,&HQHOFRQWH[WRGHVXVSURSLRV

VLVWHPDVOHJDOHVªIndia-Protección mediante patentes de los productos farmacéuticos y de los

productos químicos para la agricultura (India-Patentes), :7'6$%5GHGLFLHPEUHGH

SiUU

 $0$5Ë$È9,/$-$&$67,//285587,$\0$'Ë$=0,(5op. cit.S

 32¶%5,(1 op. cit.,S

(/$&&(62$/26)È50$&26&2022%-(72'(,17(5e6 

SURWHFFLyQ\FUHDQXHYRVFRPSURPLVRVFDVRSRUHMHPSORGHODREOLJD

FLyQGHSURWHJHUPHGLDQWHSDWHQWHWRGDVODVLQQRYDFLRQHVHQWRGRVORV

FDPSRVGHODWHFQRORJtDRGHODLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHOSULQFLSLRGHOWUDWRGH

ODQDFLyQPiVIDYRUHFLGD

(O$'3,&UHFRJHODVSULQFLSDOHVFDWHJRUtDVGHGHUHFKRVGHSURSLH

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Ahorra tiempo con IA jurídica avanzada: Vincent AI analiza documentos, resume casos y responde tus consultas en lenguaje natural con citas verificadas.

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